A dermal equivalent developed from adipose-derived stem cells and electrospun polycaprolactone matrix: an in vitro and in vivo study

Abstract

Polycaprolactone (PCL) is used as a material of choice for surgical sutures, wound dressings, contraceptives, fixation devices and dentistry in paramedical sciences. In addition, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of electrospun PCL fibers on keratinocyte differentiation of ASCs and wound healing. PCL solution was electrospun and characterized. Isolated and characterized ASCs were differentiated into keratinocyte-like cells on a tissue culture plate (TCP) and PCL matrices and compared. PCL nano-/microfibers cultured with ASCs (test group) or alone (control) were implanted as a dermal substitute for wound healing. There were significant increases in the proliferation rate and expression level of cytokeratin 14, filaggrin and involucrin in cells cultured on PCL matrices compared to TCP (p < 0.05). After histological and immunological evaluation of the reconstituted skin, a thick epidermal layer with several skin appendages was evidently observed in the ASC/PCL group, whereas no real and mature epidermis was formed, especially in the central area of the healing wound in the pure PCL group on day 14. Pure PCL, if possessing suitable properties including good adhesiveness, high proliferative capability, inductive elasticity and stiffness for migration and differentiation, could drive the keratinocyte differentiation of ASCs and act as an efficient dermal equivalent to promote wound healing.

Current Applications of PRP and SVF Fractions in Stem Cell Therapy

“…The autologous growth factor derived from platelet naturally has the innate potential to stimulate neoangiogenesis, cell proliferation and differentiate which are the bedrock of wound healing process hence their extended application in scars and burn tissues regeneration (11). One of the major documented interventions of PRP in translational medicine is its applications in plastic surgery especially in dressing, management and healing of chronic wounds involving venous lower extremity ulcers, pressure ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and burns (12 and 13 (14). Other works reports that the use of PRP in combination with insulin showed enhanced ASC differentiation potential (15).…”

“…This work was re-established by (13) that incorporation of PRP into gelatin-nanohydroxyapatite fibrous scaffold yielded stronger osteogenic and endothelial differentiation. Bayati team (14) demonstrated recently that when adipose-derived Stromal vascular fraction cells were seeded on electrospun polycaprolactone fibers luxuriant differentiation of keratinocyte was observed in vitro and wound healing in vivo. Human esophageal regeneration where sourced ECM was prepared along with autologous PRP adhesive gel was also reported (16).…”

The Role of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Dermal Regenerative Templates, and Platelet-Rich Plasma in Tissue Engineering-Based Treatments of Chronic Skin Wounds

“…Scioli et al [185] documented that combined treatment with PRP and insulin favours the chondrogenic/osteogenic differentiation of ASCs in three-dimensional (3D) collagen type I scaffolds. For wound-healing purposes, Bayati et al [186] verified that ASCs seeded on electrospun polycaprolactone fibers showed an increased proliferation rate and expression level of cytokeratin 14, filaggrin, and involucrin as compared to culture dishes and reconstituted a thick epidermal layer with several skin appendages in a wound-healing model in vivo. Our group showed that emulsification of subcutaneous fat and collagenase digestion allowed to obtain an adequate number of SVF cells that were seeded onto Integra® (1 × 10 6 nucleated cells onto 1 × 1 cm pieces) in the presence of autologous PRP.…”

A guide to studying human dermal adipocytes in situ

“…Perilipin1, the ubiquitous marker of mature DAs in mice, has been used in multiple studies to demarcate the lipid droplet and cytoplasm of DWAT . Perilipin1 also marks human DAs and can be assessed in both cryosections and paraffin sections (Figure G).…”