A dense array stimulator to generate arbitrary spatio-temporal tactile stimuli

Killebrew, J. H.; Bensmaı̈a, Sliman J.; Dammann, J. Francis; Denchev, Peter V.; Hsiao, Steven S.; Craig, James C.; Johnson, Kenneth O.

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.10.012

Cited by 76 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The objective of the present study is to understand how information about direction of motion is conveyed without shear force signals, when tactile motion perception must thus rely on changes in stimulus contour over time, analogous to its visual counterpart. The dense tactile array (15), which is capable of delivering arbitrary spatial-temporal stimuli without exerting shear forces, affords us a unique opportunity to do so.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tactile stimuli were generated and delivered using a dense tactile array consisting of 400 independently controlled probes arrayed in a 20 ϫ 20 matrix (15). The tips of the probes, spaced at 0.5 mm, center to center, covered a 10-mm ϫ 10-mm area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indentation of one probe overlapped in time with the retraction of the other to create a smooth percept of motion (see ref. 15 for details). The subject's finger, volar side up, was pressed against the array with a force of 100 g by using a counterweight mounted on a vertical stage (LOT Oriel).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To that end, we present the tactile equivalent of stimuli whose perceptual properties are well established in vision, including superimposed gratings (plaids), barber poles, and moving bar fields. The stimuli are delivered using a 400-probe stimulator (15), the tactile analogue of a visual monitor.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The tactile integration of local motion cues is analogous to its visual counterpart

Pei

Hsiao

Bensmaı̈a

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The visual and somatosensory systems have been shown to process spatial information similarly. Here we investigate tactile motion processing using stimuli whose perceptual properties have been well established in vision research, namely superimposed gratings (plaids), barber poles, and bar fields. In both modalities, information about stimulus motion (speed and direction) conveyed by neurons at low levels of sensory processing is ambiguous, a conundrum known as the aperture problem. Our results suggest that the tactile perception of motion, analogous to its visual counterpart, operates in multiple stages: first, the perceived direction of motion is determined by a majority vote from local motion detectors, which are subject to the aperture problem. As in vision, the conflict between the cues from terminators and other local motion cues is gradually resolved over time so that the perceived direction approaches the veridical direction of motion.aperture problem ͉ psychophysics ͉ plaid ͉ barber pole ͉ somatosensory B oth vision and touch share the common problem of inferring stimulus form, texture, and motion from a spatiotemporal pattern of activation across a two-dimensional sensory sheet (i.e., the retina and skin). The two systems have been found to process information about two-dimensional spatial form in a similar fashion (1-3). In both systems, information about motion can be acquired by analyzing how stimulus contours change over time. Both the visual and somatosensory systems may therefore have evolved analogous mechanisms to process motion information as well. Then again, the analogy between the two systems is not absolute: for instance, depth ordering and transparency are problems that have no obvious analogue in the cutaneous sense (although palpation through gloves may involve a tactile equivalent of transparency). Furthermore, shear forces, which have no direct visual analogue, may contribute to the tactile perception of motion (4, 5). These differences between vision and touch may lead to differences in the way the two systems process motion.The study of motion processing provides an opportunity to address an important question in sensory neuroscience, namely: how is the environment represented at each stage of perceptual processing? Indeed, the speed and direction of motion of individual (one-dimensional) edges is ambiguous because information about the motion component parallel to their orientation is not available, a predicament known as the aperture problem (6) (Fig. 1). To acquire a veridical percept of an object's direction of motion, then, it is often necessary to integrate motion information across multiple stimulus contours that differ in orientation (7,8) or to rely on so-called terminators-such as end points, corners, and intersections-whose direction of motion is unambiguous (9, 10).The aperture problem is inherent to individual neurons at low levels of processing because these neurons have spatially restricted receptive fields and only ''see'' local contours of the stimulus. From the sta...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The tactile integration of local motion cues is analogous to its visual counterpart

Pei

Hsiao

Bensmaı̈a

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The first type is pin arrays or sometimes called shape displays. These transfer vertical shape information and spatial patterns via the up-and-down movement of pins [9,17]. Although effective at transferring most tactile information, it has been shown that lateral forces can also afford shape perception through active touch [29].…”

Section: Haptic Glove Technology In Hcimentioning

confidence: 99%