A dengue vaccine whirlwind update

Abstract

Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family with four serotypes (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4) circulating many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Endemic in more than 100 countries, DENV results in over 400 million cases annually, a subset presenting with severe or life-threatening illnesses such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). While no specific treatments outside of supportive management exist, vaccines are an area of major research with two vaccines, Dengvaxia® (CYD-TDV) and Denvax® (TAK003), recently licensed for clinical use. CYD-TDV is highly efficacious in children 9 years or older who have had prior DENV infection due to the high risk of severe disease in seronegative children aged 2–5 years. Meanwhile, TAK003 has shown efficacy at 97.7% and 73.7% against, DENV2 and DENV1, respectively, in phase 3 clinical trials across Latin America and Asia in healthy children aged 4–16 with virologically confirmed dengue. Other vaccines including TV003 and TV005 continue to be developed across the world, with the hopes of entering clinical trials in the near future. We discuss the current state of vaccine development against dengue, with a focus on CYD-TDV and TAK003 as promising novel vaccines to target this neglected tropical disease (NTD).

Medicinal Plants Used in Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine for Dengue Fever

“…The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) developed the TV003 and TV005 dengue vaccine candidates. These are also live attenuated, tetravalent vaccines, and they currently are in clinical trials [34]. There are a number of other dengue vaccine candidates in clinical development.…”

Kaempferol: A Review of Current Evidence of Its Antiviral Potential

“…This pathogen has a zoonotic transmission [161], and infections caused by it vary in severity; they can be subclinical and self-limiting or cause notable fever, which can be of haemorrhagic nature in the more severe cases, potentially leading to dengue shock syndrome [161,162]. There is no dedicated antiviral treatment; however, several vaccines have been developed for children and adolescents living in endemic areas as well as subjects previously confirmed with dengue fever [163][164][165][166]. Therefore, it is of great importance to conduct research with the purpose of identifying new substances which can be used against the virus.…”

Dengue Virus: Molecular Biology and Recent Developments in Control Strategies, Prevention, Management, and Therapeutics

“…59 The biologics license application (BLA) of Takeda for TAK-003 to the FDA has been accepted and granted priority review, owing to the recent data obtained from the phase III parts 1–3 tetravalent immunization against dengue efficacy study, suggesting that primary and secondary endpoints were met. 60 At present, TAK-003 is solely permitted to be used in Indonesia for individuals ages 6 to 45 years. 61…”