“…We also reviewed the literature on patients with SDH with secondary ICPR (Table 1). Although the risk of neurological complications following spinal anesthesia was evaluated to be only 1/20,000 to 1/30,000 (46), and to be only 0.8% following spinal surgery (47); in the reported cases, the leading causes of rupture of the dura mater before SDH were intravertebral anesthesia (2, 23-25, 32, 40, 43-45), and lumbar surgery (26-31, 34, 35, 37, 41, 42). Other causes of dura rupture include myelography and epidural steroid injection (36,39,41).…”