A Decentralized Hierarchical Control Structure and Self-Optimizing Control Strategy for F-P Type DGs in Islanded Microgrids

Xin, Huanhai; Zhao, Rui; Zhang, Leiqi; Wang, Zhen; Wong, Kit Po; Wei, Wei

doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2473096

Cited by 71 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This usually noisy magnitude requires to be processed by a low-pass filter as in Equations (23) and (24). It must be noted that in Equation (37) the double integral secondary controller is responsible for equalizing the reactive power sharing:…”

Section: Network-forming Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary control has also been a hot research issue in recent years, focused mainly on avoiding the use of the common one-to-all communication centralized controller [21][22][23][24][25][26]. In this way different works deal with avoiding the use of communications between nodes [24][25][26]. All these works try to guarantee perfect power quality restoration, while providing robustness, reliability and redundancy to the power network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Flexible Experimental Laboratory for Distributed Generation Networks Based on Power Inverters

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In the recently deregulated electricity market, distributed generation based on renewable sources is becoming more and more relevant. In this area, two main distributed scenarios are focusing the attention of recent research: grid-connected mode, where the generation sources are connected to a grid mainly supplied by big power plants, and islanded mode, where the distributed sources, energy storage devices, and loads compose an autonomous entity that in its general form can be named a microgrid. To conduct a successful research in these two scenarios, it is essential to have a flexible experimental setup. This work deals with the description of a real laboratory setup composed of four nodes that can emulate both scenarios of a distributed generation network. A comprehensive description of the hardware and software setup will be done, focusing especially in the dual-core DSP used for control purposes, which is next to the industry standards and able to emulate real complexities. A complete experimental section will show the main features of the system.

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Section: Network-forming Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Experimental Laboratory for Distributed Generation Networks Based on Power Inverters

et al. 2017

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“…Note that Xin et al [33], [34] proposed a fully distributed control strategy for frequency-power and powerfrequency droop type DGs, respectively, which allowed all DGs share loads according to their generation costs, however, the capability of plug and play was not demonstrated. With the consideration of generation costs, efficiencies, and emission penalties of DGs, Nutkani et al [18], [35], [36] formulated nonlinear droop schemes to allow the least costly DG produce more power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Based Droop Schemes for Economic Dispatch in Islanded Microgrids

Chen

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

123

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In this paper, cost based droop schemes are proposed, to minimize the total active power generation cost in an islanded microgrid (MG), while the simplicity and decentralized nature of the droop control are retained. In cost based droop schemes, the incremental costs of distributed generators (DGs) are embedded into the droop schemes, where the incremental cost is a derivative of the DG cost function with respect to output power. In the steady state, DGs share a single common frequency, and cost based droop schemes equate incremental costs of DGs, thus minimizing the total active power generation cost, in terms of the equal incremental cost principle. Finally, simulation results in an islanded MG with high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources are presented, to demonstrate the effectiveness, as well as plug and play capability of the cost based droop schemes.Index Terms-Microgrid (MG), incremental cost, generation cost, cost based droop schemes, decentralized control.

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“…In [23] and [24] control schemes which perform primary, secondary, and tertiary control layers with no communications are proposed. In the former, the scheme operates with gridforming converters i.e., converters that behaves as powercontrolled voltage sources.…”

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confidence: 99%

Secondary Switched Control With no Communications for Islanded Microgrids

Rey

Martí

Velasco

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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Abstract-Flexibility and reliability of AC microgrids are enhanced by reducing the dependence on communications in multi-layer hierarchical control. In this sense, this paper presents a secondary control with no communications for islanded microgrids. It is based on a control scheme that switches between two configurations according to a time-dependent protocol. With this proposal, an excellent performance in terms of transient response and frequency restoration in steady-state is achieved. The paper also presents design considerations for the control parameters. In addition, the theoretical predictions are validated by experimental results from a laboratory microgrid.Index Terms-Distributed generation, hierarchical control, islanded microgrids, secondary control, switched control, time-dependent protocol. I. INTRODUCTIONICROGRIDS have recently emerged as a potential solution for electrical supply due to their advantages as environmental impacts reduction, reliability, and flexible operability [1], [2]. Basically, a microgrid is a cluster of distributed generators (DGs), loads, and energy storage systems which can operate in two possible modes: gridconnected or islanded [3].In islanded mode, microgrids are disconnected from the main grid intentionally or by an electrical fault and the DGs provide active and reactive power to the local loads [4]. To control frequency, voltage amplitude or power sharing, a multi-layer hierarchical scheme can be implemented, normallyManuscript received Month xx, 2xxx; revised Month xx, xxxx; accepted Month x, xxxx. This work has been supported by ELAC2014/ESE0034 from the European Union and its linked Spanish national project PCIN-2015-001. We also appreciate the support from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) under projects ENE2015-64087-C2-1-R and TEC2013-46938-R.Juan M. Rey is with Escuela de Ingenierías Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Telecomunicaciones (E3T), Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS), 680002 Bucaramanga, Colombia and with the Electronic Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Av. Victor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i Ia Geltrú, Spain (e-mail: juanmrey@uis.edu.co).Pau Marti and Manel Velasco are with the Automatic Control Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Pau Gargallo 5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.Jaume Miret and Miguel Castilla are with the Electronic Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Av. Victor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain. divided in three control layers: primary, secondary and tertiary layer [5].Primary layer rapidly controls power sharing and stabilizes frequency and output voltage amplitude in each DG. However, steady-state errors or deviations are introduced, which are corrected by the secondary layer. Tertiary layer manages and coordinates the operation of the power flows at optimal points considering economic concerns (i.e., energy prices and electricity markets) and grid requirements (i.e., reactive power flows contr...

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A Decentralized Hierarchical Control Structure and Self-Optimizing Control Strategy for F-P Type DGs in Islanded Microgrids

Cited by 71 publications

References 5 publications

A Flexible Experimental Laboratory for Distributed Generation Networks Based on Power Inverters

A Flexible Experimental Laboratory for Distributed Generation Networks Based on Power Inverters

Cost-Based Droop Schemes for Economic Dispatch in Islanded Microgrids

Secondary Switched Control With no Communications for Islanded Microgrids

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