A decade of life-course research on fertility of immigrants and their descendants in Europe

Kulu, Hill; Milewski, Nadja; Hannemann, Tina; Mikolai, Júlia

doi:10.4054/demres.2019.40.46

Cited by 63 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…If immigrant birth risks are elevated after arrival, as has often been observed, then conclusions may be biased when using period TFRs to estimate differences in fertility quantum between immigrants and nonimmigrant 'natives' (Parrado 2011;Toulemon 2004Toulemon , 2006Toulemon and Mazuy 2004). Researchers have proposed alternative measures, or adjusted measures, of period TFRs (Hoem and Mureşan 2011;Kulu et al 2019;Persson and Hoem 2014;Toulemon 2006), some of which may help to mitigate some of the disadvantages mentioned previously. Nevertheless, when using period TFRs to make inferences about differences in the quantum of fertility, such inferences may be biased by tempo effects.…”

Section: Total Fertility Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fertility of immigrants and their descendants has received considerable attention over the last few decades (Kulu et al 2019), not least because levels of immigration have risen in many countries, especially in most high-income European destinations (Eurostat 2019a). This trend has led to an increased interest in many aspects of immigrant's lives, including their fertility, which we define here as childbearing behaviour over the reproductive life course.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualising Immigrant Fertility -- Profiles of Childbearing and their Implications for Migration Research

Tønnessen¹,

Wilson

2020

Int. Migration & Integration

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Different measures of fertility have strengths and limitations when used to describe the fertility of immigrants, and no single measure captures every aspect of this complex phenomenon. This paper introduces a novel visual framework that shows life course profiles of immigrant childbearing in a multifaceted way. It develops the well-known cohort fertility curve—showing the average number of children ever born over the life course—and adds lines for immigrant women arriving at different ages, using their average number of children born on arrival as a starting point. These immigrant fertility profiles can illustrate a number of important aspects of childbearing simultaneously, including children born before arrival, fertility after arrival and completed fertility at the end of childbearing. In addition to showing numbers of children born (i.e. fertility quantum), the slopes of each profile indicate the tempo of fertility and how this changes by age and duration of residence. The fertility profiles of different immigrant groups can be plotted in the same graph, and can be compared and contrasted with non-immigrant groups—at origin as well as destination—through the augmentation of each visualisation. Using Nordic register data, we illustrate how these fertility profiles can be used to expand our knowledge of immigrant childbearing and to investigate various hypotheses of migrant fertility, giving a novel overview of the relationships between fertility measures such as period and quantum, before and after arrival.

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Section: Total Fertility Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualising Immigrant Fertility -- Profiles of Childbearing and their Implications for Migration Research

Tønnessen¹,

Wilson

2020

Int. Migration & Integration

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“…Or do they adapt to the fertility behavior of their destinations? Evidence suggests that at international level, both positions hold true among immigrants (Kulu, 2005;Milewski, 2010;Eryurt and Koc, 2012;Liang et al, 2014;Krapf and Wolf, 2015;Rojas et al, 2018;Kulu et al, 2019;Saikia et al, 2019). In certain instances, even the fertility rates among migrants were found to be lower than what obtained in both their places of origin and destinations (Hervitz, 1985;González-Ferrer et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic fertility behavior and internal migration in Nigeria: revisiting the migrant fertility hypotheses

Odimegwu

Adewoyin

2020

Genus

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Fertility patterns in Nigeria are high and widely skewed away from the targets of the country's population policy. As population growth is fueled by natural increase and migration, and with spatial disparities in fertility preferences among the different ethnic groups in Nigeria, this study investigates the fertility behavior of ethnic migrants in their destinations, the place-effects on such behavior, and the convergence or otherwise of the behavior with fertility behaviors in the migrants' places of origin and destination. Explanations for the behavioral pattern are provided in the hypotheses of migrant fertility and in the sociodemographic confounders of the behavior. Study data was extracted for the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. Median numbers of children ever born (CEB) were 7, 6, and 4 for the Hausa-Fulani, Igbo, and Yoruba ethnic groups respectively. Relative to the destination fertility patterns, Hausa-Fulani and Yoruba migrants had lower CEB in Igboland while Igbo and Yoruba migrants recorded lower CEB in the North-West home of the Hausa-Fulani ethnic group. Whereas the Igbo migrants maintained an equal CEB with their Yoruba hosts, the Hausa-Fulani group replicated their home fertility behavior in Yorubaland. Overall, the adaptation, socialization, and selectivity hypotheses were found valid for some of the disparities in migrant fertility behavior and the influence of the sociodemographic predictors of fertility behavior varied among the different ethnic groups.

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“…The disruption hypothesis argues that long-distance migration may disrupt family formation processes because migration is associated with economic stress, limited social networks, or separate living of partners (Goldstein 1973;Milewski 2007). The hypothesis of inter-related life events argues, somewhat contrary, that migration may coincide with family formation processes such as the formation of marital partnerships or family reunion (Kulu et al 2019;Milewski 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also the possibility that migrants choose destination countries that facilitates their fertility preferences (Kulu et al 2019). For example, highfertility countries could be seen as a more attractive environment for migrants planning to have children because they are associated with family-friendly environments, perhaps because of more ambitious family policies that may make it more affordable to raise children (Rindfuss et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fertility of Female Immigrants to Europe from Christian and Muslim Countries

Blekesaune

2020

J. Relig. Demogr.

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This article investigates the fertility of female immigrants to Europe in relation to the characteristics of individual women (n=1,667), their countries of origin in Africa, Asia and Latin-America (n=68) and the European country where they reside (n=22), using the European Social Survey (ESS) collected between 2010 and 2017 (rounds 5 to 8). Many immigrants have fertility outcomes that converge towards the native fertility of their country of residence in Europe, a surprisingly strong factor. Immigrants from Muslim countries have higher fertility, though, and they compress their fertility over fewer years than immigrants from Christian countries. Multivariate estimates indicate that the effects of fertility rates and religious composition of countries of origin and individual religiousness are of similar magnitude for post-migration fertility rates. The highest fertility outcomes are found among highly religious immigrants from Muslim countries migrating to relatively high fertility countries in Europe at an early fertile age.

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A decade of life-course research on fertility of immigrants and their descendants in Europe

Cited by 63 publications

References 63 publications

Visualising Immigrant Fertility -- Profiles of Childbearing and their Implications for Migration Research

Visualising Immigrant Fertility -- Profiles of Childbearing and their Implications for Migration Research

Ethnic fertility behavior and internal migration in Nigeria: revisiting the migrant fertility hypotheses

The Fertility of Female Immigrants to Europe from Christian and Muslim Countries

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