A DC–DC Multiport-Converter-Based Solid-State Transformer Integrating Distributed Generation and Storage

Modular Smart Transformer architectures: An overview and proposal of a interphase architecture

“…In this studies, it is considered that the CHB operates with phase-shift modulation scheme. The QAB converter uses the classical phaseshift modulation scheme, in which the power is controlled by the phase difference among the bridges and it can be generally described by (1), where i and j denote the respective bridges involved in the power exchange, according to [13]. More detail about the converter operation can be found in [11], [13].…”

“…The QAB converter uses the classical phaseshift modulation scheme, in which the power is controlled by the phase difference among the bridges and it can be generally described by (1), where i and j denote the respective bridges involved in the power exchange, according to [13]. More detail about the converter operation can be found in [11], [13]. The total power processed by the QAB is given by (2), where P QAB (MV,1,2,3) is the power processed by the respective bridges connected to the MV side.…”

Comparison of basic power cells for quad-active-bridge DC-DC converter in smart transformer

“…As a result, the relation between the duty-cycles D 1 and D 2 is found and presented in (4). The relation of the converter duty-cycle and the power processing is given by (5). Hence, D 1 can be used to control the total power transferred from the MV side to the LV side (and also to control the LVDC link), while the duty-cycle D 2 is calculated to ensure ZCS operation.…”

“…In this scenario, this work uses a modular concept to implement the dc-dc stage of the ST, where the basic modules are based on the Quad-Active-Bridge (QAB). The QAB converter, previously proposed in [5]- [6], is composed by four active bridges connected to the same four winding transformer, as shown in Fig. 1 (a).…”

“…In this application, one active bridge is connected to the LV side (called in this paper as LV cell) and the others three actives bridges are connected to the MV side (called in this as paper MV cell), in order to share the voltage among them. Although the QAB converter has been proposed with H-Bridge (HB) cell in [5]- [6], 3-level topologies (see Fig. 1(b) to (e)) , can also be employed to this converter, presenting the additional advantage of reduced voltage on the semiconductors.…”