“…Fitzgerald et al (2013) term this continuum from reality to VR as a mixed reality approach that ranges from interaction with real environments, to AR, through to virtual environments. Earlier research explored frameworks for designing mobile AR learning environments (Bower, Howe, McCredie, Robinson, & Grover, 2013;Cochrane, Narayan, & Antonczak, 2016;Cook, 2010;Munnerley et al, 2012;Priestnall, Brown, Sharples, & Polmear, 2009), and the development of frameworks for designing mobile VR learning environments (Amer & Peralez, 2014;Cochrane, 2016;Hsu et al, 2013;Merchant, Goetz, Cifuentes, Keeney-Kennicutt, & Davis, 2014), upon which this special issue builds.…”