A data hiding method based on information sharing via PNG images for applications of color image authentication and metadata embedding

Lee, Che-Wei; Tsai, Wen‐Hsiang

doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2013.01.009

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We compare with [20], which proposes a data-hiding method with an application to data authentication, and with [21], which inserts a watermark into the two LSBs of the alpha channel. Both settings are different from ours because they assume that the image is RGB and add the alpha channel to save the data integrity information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our algorithm, instead, slightly modifies an existing alpha channel, and thus has a wider range of applications to images of any kind. The advantage of [20] is an authentication at the pixel level, whilst ours, as well as [21], is at the block level: nonetheless, when [20] uses three bits to authenticate every single pixel, the probability of not detecting an attack to a pixel is 12.5% (i.e., 1/2 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By comparing the performance of the proposed algorithm with [20,21], we found that apart from an ∞ PSNR when computed on the three RGB channels only (because both algorithms do not modify them), the values of the MAE for the alpha channel computed by the proposed algorithm, reported in Table 2, are one order of magnitude smaller than those in [20]. As concerns [21], the MAE is~1.5 (we can only estimate this value by saying that on average every pixel in the alpha channel is modified by 1.5 grey levels, because the authors do not report any measurements in the alpha channel).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The images used in the comparison were obtained, as in [20,21], from the original RGB images (of size 512 × 512 pixels) by adding a completely opaque alpha channel (i.e., having pixel values equal to 255).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To detect if a tamper has occurred, a two-step process is employed: firstly, the shares are extracted from each block of the alpha channel, and secondly the authentication information generated from the host image blocks is compared to the one extracted from the shares inserted into the alpha channel. A similar alpha-channel embedding approach is used in [20] to authenticate color images. Another very similar approach that embeds into the two LSBs of an alpha channel is reported in [21].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha Channel Fragile Watermarking for Color Image Integrity Protection

et al. 2017

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This paper presents a fragile watermarking algorithm'm for the protection of the integrity of color images with alpha channel. The system is able to identify modified areas with very high probability, even with small color or transparency changes. The main characteristic of the algorithm is the embedding of the watermark by modifying the alpha channel, leaving the color channels untouched and introducing a very small error with respect to the host image. As a consequence, the resulting watermarked images have a very high peak signal-to-noise ratio. The security of the algorithm is based on a secret key defining the embedding space in which the watermark is inserted by means of the Karhunen-Loève transform (KLT) and a genetic algorithm (GA). Its high sensitivity to modifications is shown, proving the security of the whole system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha Channel Fragile Watermarking for Color Image Integrity Protection

et al. 2017

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Watermarking scheme using local binary pattern for image authentication and tamper detection through dual image

Pal

Jana

Bhaumik

2019

Security and Privacy

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Watermarking scheme is an efficient solution to protect the multimedia document from unauthorized modification. Several watermarking scheme have been developed but authentication and tamper detection is still an important research issue. In this paper, a dual image‐based watermarking scheme has been developed using local binary pattern (LBP) to protect the multimedia document from illegal modification. The suggested method includes the following procedure: During watermark encoding the host image is partitioned into (3 × 3) nonoverlapping blocks. Then generate system vector (s) using LBP and perform XOR with secret watermark bits. Two bits authentication code is generated from S vector and embed within dual image depending in a shared secret key (δ). At the receiver end, the embedded watermark, authentication code, and original cover image can be successfully recovered from dual watermarked image. After that authentication process has been carried out by comparing extracted authentication code and the regenerated authentication code. The experimental results are compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods to show the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. It is observed that the proposed scheme is secure and robust against different standard attacks meanwhile it can detect message integrity within the watermarked object.

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