A current‐mode 1kHz/10kHz low‐voltage integrated analogue PLL for lock‐in portable applications

Abstract

SUMMARYWe present a low-supply voltage (2 V) low-power consumption (500 W) analogue phase-locked loop (PLL), working at two low frequencies (1 and 10 kHz), to be used in an integrated lock-in ampliÿer. An externally settable control bit allows the switching operation between the two di erent frequencies. The circuit has been designed in a standard 0.6 -m CMOS technology and di ers from the standard analogue PLL architectures for the current mode implementation of both the loop ÿlter and of the oscillator. Three di erent locked waveforms (sinusoidal, triangular, squared) can be obtained at the PLL output. Simulation results, obtained through the use of PSPICE and using accurate transistor models, will be proposed. The pull-in ranges are about ±250 Hz around 1 and ±1:3 kHz around 10 kHz, with pull-in times of about 10 and 4 ms, respectively.

Dynamics of charge‐pump phase‐locked loops

“…Phase locked loops are widely used in many applications, such as frequency synthesis, synchronization, clock and data recovery, and clock generation [1][2][3][4][5]. Charge-pump phase-locked loops (CP-PLLs) have been one of the most popular phase-locked loop (PLL) structures since Gardner's work in 1980 [6].…”

On the simulation of fast settling charge pump PLLs up to fourth order

“…Phase-locked loops are essential components in a wide variety of applications, from digital clock generation [1,2] to analogue integrated lock-in amplifiers [3] and wireless transceivers frequency synthesis [4,5]. A charge-pump (CP) PLL (Figure 1) is basically composed of a phase-frequency detector (PFD), a CP, a loop filter (LF), a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and a frequency divider (FD).…”

A wideband low‐spur 0.18‐µm CMOS phase‐locked loop with bandwidth calibration

“…The emerging wideband applications have ignited the interest of developing the integrated circuits capable of operation over the range of multi‐gigahertz. The phase‐locked loops (PLLs) are crucial components in many wideband systems and they are widely used as synthesized signal sources and clocks . There exist several challenges for wideband PLL design, and the design trade‐off needs to extend across wide frequency spectrum.…”