A cross-sectional survey on parasitic infections in schoolchildren in a rural Tanzanian community

Palmeirim, Marta S.; Mrimi, Emmanuel C.; Minja, Elihaika G.; Samson, Aziza J.; Keiser, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105737

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…histolytica/ dispar in this meta-analysis was 13.3%, which is consistent with the 14.09% rate reported in Ethiopia [ 4 ] and 12.1% in the Philippines [ 78 ]. However, the prevalence rate in the present study was lower than that in studies conducted in Malaysia (20.4%) [ 79 ], Yemen (16.4) [ 80 ] and Tanzania 15% [ 81 ] but higher than that in studies in Bangladesh (3.83%) [ 82 ] and Thailand (3.7%) [ 83 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among school children in africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Introduction Parasitic infections, especially intestinal protozoan parasites (IPPs) remain a significant public health issue in Africa, where many conditions favour the transmission and children are the primary victims. This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out with the objective of assessing the prevalence of IPPs among school children in Africa. Methods Relevant studies published between January 2000 and December 2020 were identified by systematic online search on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus databases without language restriction. Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity of studies were assessed using Cochrane Q test and I2 test, while publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test. Results Of the 1,645 articles identified through our searches, 46 cross-sectional studies matched our inclusion criteria, reported data from 29,968 school children of Africa. The pooled prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites amongst African school children was 25.8% (95% CI: 21.2%-30.3%) with E. histolytica/ dispar (13.3%; 95% CI: 10.9%-15.9%) and Giardia spp. (12%; 95% CI: 9.8%-14.3%) were the most predominant pathogenic parasites amongst the study participants. While E. coli was the most common non-pathogenic protozoa (17.1%; 95% CI: 10.9%-23.2%). Conclusions This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of IPPs in school children, especially in northern and western Africa. Thus, poverty reduction, improvement of sanitation and hygiene and attention to preventive control measures will be the key to reducing protozoan parasite transmission.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among school children in africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…As described in our previous publication [ 16 ], more than a quarter of the participating schoolchildren were infected with at least one parasite. These parasitic infections were significantly associated with the use of unimproved sanitation facilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details on the procedures of the entire study, including the physical and clinical examination of participants, collection and analysis of the stool and urine samples, and collection of all demographic, socio-economic status, household characteristics and animal possession data were presented in our previous publication [ 16 ]. In brief, enrolled schoolchildren provided at least one stool sample, one urine sample and one venous blood sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stool samples were collected in the morning after handing empty containers the previous day. Each of the laboratory techniques used to analyse these samples is described in detail elsewhere [ 16 ]. Stool samples were meant to be used to detect infections with intestinal protozoa (via formal-ether concentration technique), Strongyloides stercoralis (via Baermann technique) and soil-transmitted helminths (via Kato-Katz technique).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, we investigated the associations of underlying risk factors with these outcomes. Finally, we explored potential associations of nutritional status, anemia and micronutrient deficiency with parasitic infections, which were previously reported elsewhere [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malnutrition, anemia, micronutrient deficiency and parasitic infections among schoolchildren in rural Tanzania

et al. 2022

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Background Malnutrition, anemia, micronutrient deficiency and parasitic infections continue to impact the nutritional status and health of children in lower-income countries, however not enough data concerning this issue is available. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of nutritional indicators, anemia and micronutrient deficiency and their underlying risk factors among schoolchildren in south-eastern Tanzania. Method/Principal findings This cross-sectional study enrolled primary schoolchildren aged 6–12 years from Kikwawila and Kiberege wards, Tanzania. In total 471 schoolchildren underwent physical examination and provided blood, stool and urine samples for micronutrient level assessment, nutritional and anemia status, and parasitic infection status. We employed bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the association between nutritional statuses, anemia, micronutrient deficiency and parasitic infections. We found that 23.90%, 12.60% and 16.20% of schoolchildren were stunted, underweight and wasted, respectively. About 14% of schoolchildren were found to be anemic and were more likely to be diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum infection (aOR: 3.95, 95% CI: 2.73–5.67). Vitamin A (34.70%) and vitamin B12 (8.80%) were the most prevalent micronutrients found to be deficient in diagnosed children. Finally, we found that schoolchildren attending the most rural schools were five times more likely to be diagnosed with at least one micronutrient deficiency (aOR: 5.04, 95% CI: 2.38–11.44). Conclusions/Significance Malnutrition, anemia and micronutrient deficiency still pose a significant health burden among schoolchildren living in rural Tanzania. To effectively tackle this burden, health interventions such as deworming, micronutrient supplementation, vector control, health education and access to clean water and improved sanitation should be strengthened and made sustainable.

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A review of latrine front-end characteristics associated with microbial infection risk; reveals a lack of pathogen density data

Adhikari,

Hunter,

Vossenberg

et al. 2023

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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A cross-sectional survey on parasitic infections in schoolchildren in a rural Tanzanian community

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among school children in africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among school children in africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Malnutrition, anemia, micronutrient deficiency and parasitic infections among schoolchildren in rural Tanzania

A review of latrine front-end characteristics associated with microbial infection risk; reveals a lack of pathogen density data

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