A Cross-Sectional Study on Cognitive Errors and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders among Young People During the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Darvishi, Elham; Golestan, Solmaz; Demehri, Farangis; Jamalnia, Sheida

doi:10.1007/s41470-020-00077-x

Cited by 26 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The MOCI is used as a screening tool for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in clinical and non-clinical populations (Sanchez-Meca et al, 2011). Darvishi et al (2020) did not report the score at which they assigned people into the 'OCD group. '.…”

Section: Table 1 Herementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is when symptoms worsen and become impairing in function that OCD is recognised (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It was hypothesised by several studies that hygiene measures, as well as the increased stress caused by the pandemic, would likely exacerbate OCD symptoms in young people (Darvishi et al, 2020) (Tanir et al, 2020) (Nissen et al, 2020).The aim of this study was to review the literature available and assess the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on OCD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in young people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The COVID-19 pandemic and obsessive–compulsive disorder in young people: Systematic review

Cunning

Hodes

2021

Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the world since the first cases were reported in China in January 2020. The secondary mental health impacts of the pandemic are thought to be significant. Obsessive–compulsive disorder is a condition defined by recurrent obsessions and compulsions. It has been hypothesised that the focus on hygiene and contamination during the pandemic could exacerbate obsessive–compulsive symptoms in young people. Method A systematic literature review was conducted. Papers were sought looking at the effect of the pandemic on obsessive–compulsive disorder in young people. Results Six published cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were identified, of which four studies investigated clinic samples with a diagnosis of obsessive–compulsive disorder and two looked at community adolescent populations. Five out of the six studies found that obsessive–compulsive symptoms were exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic appears to be associated with a worsening of obsessive–compulsive symptoms in young people. Being in treatment seems to have a protective effect. Maintaining mental health services during a pandemic is vital. It is important to be aware of the implications of pandemic on obsessive–compulsive symptoms in young people in order to allow them to access appropriate treatments. More research is needed in this area.

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Section: Table 1 Herementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The COVID-19 pandemic and obsessive–compulsive disorder in young people: Systematic review

Cunning

Hodes

2021

Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry

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“…During the present pandemic there are constant reminders to wash our hands “properly”, there is an overload of information in the media about the pandemic, and people are preoccupied with concerns about their own health and that of their loved ones. This steady flow of external (media, posters, advertisements) and internal (thoughts about loved ones, a sudden cough) cues may re-activate or increase contamination obsessions and/or washing rituals because of the tendency of OCD patients to respond to danger and uncertainty (Darvishi et al, 2020 ; Wheaton et al, 2021 ). The isolation, loneliness, and potential entrapment in adverse circumstances (e.g., domestic abuse, poor housing) resulting from the lockdown, physical distancing, and self-isolation could have a negative impact on mood and wellbeing, which may further increase symptoms (Amerio et al, 2020 ; Bradbury-Jones & Isham, 2020 ; Fiorillo & Gorwood, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How are OCD patients and their families coping with the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative study

et al. 2021

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Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are likely to be affected by the COVID-19 crisis since fear of contamination is highly prevalent in this illness and disease reminders are omnipresent during this crisis. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of the pandemic and the lockdown on the mental health, well-being and coping abilities of OCD patients and their families in order to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the disorder. Twenty-two patients and 13 family members were interviewed one-to-one about their experiences and challenges caused by the pandemic and home-confinement directives. Verbatim transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Five overarching themes were identified: (1) changing point of reference: confusion and legitimization of OCD behavior, (2) coping strategies were challenged: too much or too little exposure to obsessional concerns, (3) distress but also relief in some areas, (4) developing a new equilibrium within the family, (5) changes in accessibility and nature of therapy: perils and merits of online treatment. These findings make clear the importance of the accessibility of mental health services during this pandemic through direct patient contacts or in a remote format. In therapy therapists should focus on challenging the changing point of reference, providing practical advice on coping, stimulating to engage in exposure and encouraging patients to seek social support. Furthermore, it is important to involve family members in therapy to support and coach them to be validating, supportive and encouraging, without accommodating to the OCD behaviour.

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“…One study in China made a geographical comparison, demonstrating significantly higher levels of anxiety symptomatology among adolescents in the COVID-19 outbreak region of Wuhan compared with other urban areas ( 8 ). Reports were most common on symptoms of anxiety ( 8 – 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 18 , 24 , 28 – 32 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 49 ) and depression ( 8 – 10 , 12 – 15 , 18 , 19 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 42 , 44 , 46 , 50 ), but other mental health disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder ( 23 , 29 ) and post-traumatic stress disorder ( 17 – 19 , 25 , 32 ) have been investigated as well as stress ( 9 , 15 , 24 , 25 , 34 , 41 , 42 , 48 ), loneliness ( 28 , 31 , 42 ), and well-being ( 26 , 33 , 35 , 45 , 47 ) among other outcomes ( Table 2 ). Although most of these studies indicate raised levels of mental health concerns among children and adolescents during the pandemic period, the evidence is mixed with some reporting no behavioural changes ( 40 ), good levels of well-being ( 27 , 50 ) or even suggestion of improvement ( 15 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Societal Infection Control Measures on Children and Adolescents' Mental Health: A Scoping Review

et al. 2021

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is primarily a crisis that affects people's physical health. However, it is well-known from previous epidemics and pandemics that there are other indirect negative impacts on mental health, among others. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore and summarise primary empirical research evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic and societal infection control measures have impacted children and adolescents' mental health.Methods: A literature search was conducted in five scientific databases: PubMed, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINHAL, and Social Science Premium Collection. The search string was designed using the Population (0–18 years), Exposure (COVID-19), Outcomes (mental health) framework. Mental health was defined broadly, covering mental well-being to mental disorders and psychiatric conditions.Results: Fifty-nine studies were included in the scoping review. Of these, 44 were cross-sectional and 15 were longitudinal studies. Most studies reported negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent mental health outcomes, yet the evidence was mixed. This was also the case for studies investigating societal control measures. Strong resilience, positive emotion regulation, physical activity, parental self-efficacy, family functioning and emotional regulation, and social support were reported as protective factors. On the contrary, emotional reactivity and experiential avoidance, exposure to excessive information, COVID-19 school concerns, presence of COVID-19 cases in the community, parental mental health problems, and high internet, social media and video game use were all identified as potentially harmful factors.Conclusions: Due to the methodological heterogeneity of the studies and geographical variation, it is challenging to draw definitive conclusions about the real impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents. However, the existing body of research gives some insight to how parents, clinicians and policy makers can take action to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 and control measures. Interventions to promote physical activity and reduce screen time among children and adolescents are recommended, as well as parenting support programs.

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A Cross-Sectional Study on Cognitive Errors and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders among Young People During the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

The COVID-19 pandemic and obsessive–compulsive disorder in young people: Systematic review

The COVID-19 pandemic and obsessive–compulsive disorder in young people: Systematic review

How are OCD patients and their families coping with the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative study

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Societal Infection Control Measures on Children and Adolescents' Mental Health: A Scoping Review

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