A cross-sectional study of the relationships between different components of sarcopenia and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in community-dwelling elderly

Abstract

Background Declination of skeletal muscle mass or sarcopenia is associated with the arterial stiffness. However, but it is unclear whether muscle strength and physical performance; important contributors of sarcopenia are associated with the arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia, the components of sarcopenia and arterial stiffness among elderly population. Methods Four hundred and fifty community dwelling elderly participants (266 male, and 184 female, >65 years) were enrolled in this study. Each participant received general medical examinations in Tianjin First Center Hospital. Based on the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia in older people developed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), 89 participants were separated into the sarcopenia group. The living habits, disease status, general status and laboratory examinations of all participants were collected. The body composition (including appendicular skeletal muscle mass , and visceral fat area (VFA) was measured by bioimpedance analysis. Handgrip strength (HS), usual gait speed (GS), and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured. Results Sarcopenia participants had higher baPWV, nutrition risk and lower appendicular skeletal muscle index(ASMI), HS, GS, body mass index(BMI), triacylglycerol(TG), serum albumin(ALB) and creatinine(Cr) than the non-sarcopenia participants; Sarcopenia participants also had higher visceral fat area (VFA)compared to non-sarcopenia participants (p<0.05). ASMI and HS were negatively associated with baPWV (t=-5.807, p=0.000 and t=-3.085, p=0.002), but the relationship between baPWV, and GS was not statistically significant (t=-0.862, p=0.389) by multivariable linear regression. After adjusting for confounders, a multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sarcopenia was related to age, BMI, sports and baPWV in community dwelling elderly. Conclusions ASMI and HS were negatively associated with baPWV in community dwelling elderly in China; and baPWV was a risk factor of sarcopenia.

Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Mediates the Association between Increased Age and Risk of Sarcopenia among Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Tanaka et al previously reported that relative skeletal muscle mass index had a negative relation with baPWV; however, such association became marginal after adjusting for %trunk fat or visceral fat area in postmenopausal women with T2DM [31]. Recently, a community-based cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the relationship between baPWV and different components of sarcopenia found that increased baPWV was associated with lower appendicular skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength [32]. Another study including 366 healthy adults in UK has also found a clear increase in arterial stiffness, as evaluated by the cardio-ankle vascular index, associated with increased age and skeletal mass index (SMI) level [33], without accounting for confounding variables, for example, malnutrition, activity, metabolic disorders, and liver and kidney disorders.…”

Hypertension, Arterial Stiffness, and Diabetes: a Prospective Cohort Study

“…The normal range of baPWV was defined as <1400 cm/s, and elevated AS was defined as baPWV ≥1400 cm/s. 12,23,24…”

Discrimination between possible sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome using the arterial pulse spectrum and machine-learning analysis

“…Sarcopenia is defined as decreased skeletal muscle mass and function, and is an important cause of frailty in the elderly [1][2][3][4][5] . It has been reported that around 50 million people worldwide have sarcopenia, which affects 13% of individuals aged 60-70 years 6,7 .…”

“…Sarcopenia is associated with increased risks of falls and fractures in elderly individuals, which may further increase the mortality rates of elderly populations 9 . The consequences of sarcopenia also include increased physical disability, lower quality of life, higher mortality, and increased rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with a poor prognosis 2,6,7 .…”

“…Increased arterial stiffness is associated with the body composition in elderly males, such as a decreased skeletal muscle mass. It is possible that increases in the arterial stiffness can lower the perfusion efficiency, decrease the flows of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to muscle tissue, and hence lead to decreased muscle mass 2 . Since the transmission of an arterial pulse can be affected by the arterial stiffness, measuring and analyzing the pulse waveform can potentially aid the detection of abnormalities induced by sarcopenia and hence facilitate its early diagnosis and personalized follow-up.…”