A cross-sectional study of relationships between periodontal disease and general health: The Hitachi Oral Healthcare Survey

Abstract

Background This cross-sectional study performed to clarify the relationship between periodontal disease and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by introducing dental examinations into the annual health examinations conducted by Japanese companies, and to highlights the importance of a medical system that connects dental and medical professionals. Methods A total of 1.022 Hitachi Ltd. employees were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We examined correlations and odds ratios (ORs) between the dental and overall health of employees using stratification and multiple logistic regression analyses based on the periodontal health indicators, general health indicators, and occlusal force. Results The adjusted OR of PPD for obesity (OR, 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.84; p = 0.009), IGT (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.00–2.20; p = 0.049), and COPD (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.02–1.88; p = 0.038) significantly differed. The adjusted OR of body mass index (OR, 1.28; 95% CI 1.15–1.42; p < 0.001), haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.89–9.98; p < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels (OR, 1.08; 95% CI 1.04–1.11; p < 0.001), postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio (%FEV1) (OR, 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–1.00; p = 0.031) and smoking (OR, 2.32; 95% CI 1.62–3.33; p < 0.001) for severe periodontal disease also significantly differed. Occlusal force was significantly reduced in employees aged 50–59 years compared to those aged 40–49 years. Both PPD, HbA1c, FBG levels were significantly associated with occlusal force among employees with moderate/severe periodontitis. PPD was significantly associated with occlusal force among employees with and moderate COPD, and ASCVD. %FEV1 was significantly associated with occlusal force among employees with IGT. Conclusions This cross-sectional study revealed mutual relationships among periodontal disease, NCDs, and occlusal force on Japanese corporate workers. We demonstrated that a comprehensive, regional healthcare system centred on annual integrated dental and physical health examinations in the workplace will benefit employees and positively impact corporate health insurance.

Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and periodontal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The remaining 276 full-text articles were identified for eligibility, of which 254 were excluded for reasons, including duplicates (6 studies), reviews (183 studies), insufficient information (9 studies) and ineligible designs and outcomes (56 studies). Finally, 22 studies14–16 19–21 28–43 were included in the review. The selection process is shown in figure 1.…”

“…The sample size ranged from 120 to 13 792. Nine studies were case–control studies15 19 28 29 32 33 36 40 42 and 10 studies were cross-sectional studies,14 20 30 31 34 35 38 39 41 43 only 3 studies with a cohort study design 16 21 37. Additionally, 11 studies were conducted in Asia,15 16 19 32 34 35 37 38 40–42 while 6 studies in the North America,14 20 21 28–30 4 studies in Europe31 33 36 39 and 1 study in Africa 43…”

“…Based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, quality assessment for the 22 studies was shown in online supplemental table 4. Among them, 18 studies15 19–21 28–30 32–42 were rated as high quality with a total score of ≥6, whereas 4 studies14 16 31 43 with a score of <6, indicating a high risk of bias. The main reasons for lower scores were selection bias (representativeness of sample population), especially for control groups, and comparability of cases and control subjects.…”

“…Eighteen studies14 15 19 20 28–41 provided data for the risk of COPD in relation to PD. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that after adjusting for smoking status, PD increased the risk of COPD, but only by a ratio of 1.20 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.32, p=0.0002, I 2 =79%) (figure 2).…”

Associations between Periodontitis and COPD: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Analysis of NHANES III

“…Studies also showed that if periodontitis is effectively treated, the measurable inflammation parameters can be reduced [ 4 , 52 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. It is not possible to determine the direction of the relationship between periodontitis and COPD based on the results of the study.…”