A cross-sectional study of dietary habits and urinary glucose excretion — a predictor of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between consumption of certain foods and macronutrients and urinary glucose excretion, which is a predictor of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Design: A cross-sectional study, Denmark, 1993 ± 97. Subjects: Participants in the Danish study`Diet, Cancer and Health'. After exclusion of persons with postprandial urine samples and persons with diabetes or other diseases potentially resulting in glycosuria, the study population included 14 743 men and 18 064 women aged 50 ± 64 y. We identi®ed 183 men and 43 women with glucose in their urine. Results: Consumption of poultry was negatively associated with glycosuria in both men (odds ratio, OR 0.87; 95% con®dence interval, 95% CI 0.77 ± 0.98) and women (OR 0.69; 0.48 ± 1.00). Fiber from fruit showed a weak negative association with glycosuria in both men (0.95; 0.90 ± 1.01) and women (0.89; 0.78 ± 1.02), whereas a signi®cant negative association with total ®ber (0.68; 0.51 ± 0.91) and ®ber from vegetables (0.94; 0.88 ± 0.99) was seen in men. Intake of ®sh tended to reduce the risk of glycosuria in women only (0.80; 0.63 ± 1.02), whereas ingestion of milk products increased their risk signi®cantly (1.15; 1.06 ± 1.24). Conclusion: Although statistical signi®cance and consistency in the two sexes were not achieved for all endpoints, the study indicates a protective effect of dietary products like poultry, fruit and cereals against glycosuria and suggests a promoting effect of milk. Sponsorship: The Danish National Board of Health and the Danish Cancer Society.

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n−3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism

“…Although the controversy in earlier data concerning marine fatty acids and glucose metabolism (Salomaa et al, 1990;Feskens et al, 1991Feskens et al, , 1995Borkman et al, 1993;Adler et al, 1994;Vessby et al, 1994aVessby et al, , b, 2001Pan et al, 1995;Marshall et al, 1997;Baur et al, 1998;Gustafsson et al, 1998;Bjerregaard et al, 2000;Ekblond et al, 2000;Mori et al, 2000;Hu et al, 2001;Salmeró n et al, 2001;Dewailly et al, 2001a, b;van Dam et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2003;Harding et al, 2004;Thorsdottir et al, 2004) may be partly explained by different doses and durations of supplementation in intervention studies, and by different background diets between the study populations, inclusion of subjects with different PPARG Pro12Ala genotypes could also influence the outcome of the study. That PPARG genotype may affect the associations of dietary fat composition with insulin concentrations (Luan et al, 2001) and serum triacylglycerol response to fish oil supplementation (Lindi et al, 2003) was suggested previously.…”

“…Especially, long-chain nÀ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been found to be associated with enhanced glucose metabolism (Feskens et al, 1991;Adler et al, 1994;Feskens et al, 1995;Baur et al, 1998;Ekblond et al, 2000;Hu et al, 2001;Salmeró n et al, 2001;Thorsdottir et al, 2004) and to lower serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations (Gustafsson et al, 1998), although there are also contradictory results (Salomaa et al, 1990;Borkman et al, 1993;Vessby et al, 1994aVessby et al, , b, 2001Pan et al, 1995;Marshall et al, 1997;Bjerregaard et al, 2000;Mori et al, 2000;Dewailly et al, 2001a, b;van Dam et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2003;Harding et al, 2004). It is not known whether some of the discrepancies in previous results could be attributed to differences in the genetic background of the subjects.…”

Soyfood consumption and risk of glycosuria: a cross-sectional study within the Shanghai Women's Health Study

“…We took advantage of the comprehensive data collected in the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a large cohort study conducted in a population with a high soyfood intake, to examine the cross-sectional association between soyfood intake and risk of glycosuria, a valuable indicator of diabetes mellitus (Ekblond et al, 2000).…”

Health effects of kiwi wine on rats: an untargeted metabolic fingerprint study based on GC-MS/TOF

“…According to previous studies, the increased excretion of 2-oxoglutarate, sorbitol and glucose are related to metabolism-associated diseases like diabetes, 61,62 interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, 63 gastric cancer, 64 and polycystic kidney disease. 65 Moreover, Ekblond et al 66 have proposed that the declined levels of urinary glucose excretion might serve as an evaluation factor for health protection. As mentioned above, the health effect of kiwi wine could be sustained for a long period of time aer consumption has ceased.…”