A Cross‐cultural comparison of value systems and consumer ethics

Abstract

In tro duc tionWhile con sid er able prog ress in the area of cross-cul tural/cross na tional con sumer eth ics, much re search re mains to guide the mar ket ing strat e gies of to day's in ter na -

The Effect of Culture and Religiosity on Business Ethics: A Cross-cultural Comparison

“…This implies that different cultures have differing levels of religiosity and consequently affect their perceptions of business ethics. This is consistent with the results of Clark and Dawson (1996), Conroy andEmerson (2004), Fisher et al (1999), Ford et al (2005), Goodwin and Goodwin (1999), Kennedy and Lawton (1998), Lysonski and Gaidis (1991), McNichols and Zimmerer (1985), Okleshen and Hoyt (1996), Small (1992) and Vitell et al (2005Vitell et al ( , 2006. This imply that cultural factors, as defined in terms of the ethnicity group, have an effect on perceptions of business ethics, and the levels of religiosity also have such effects.…”

“…One suggests that religiosity does not have an effect on perceptions of business ethics Sims, 1978, 1979;Kidwell et al, 1987;McDonald and Pak, 1997), while the other studies showed that religiosity does have an effect on consumers' ethical beliefs (Clark and Dawson, 1996;Conroy and Emerson, 2004;McNichols and Zimmerer, 1985;Okleshen and Hoyt, 1996;Vitell et al, 2005Vitell et al, , 2006. Further, other studies also showed that cross-cultural values have an effect on perceptions of ethics (Fisher et al, 1999;Ford et al, 2005;Goodwin and Goodwin, 1999).…”

“…The Malaysian counter part was reluctant mainly due to the Malays than the Chinese or Indians. Ford et al (2005) investigated the similarities and differences of United States and Lebanese students on their value systems and consumer ethics. The results showed significant overall differences in means for values as well as ethical beliefs for the United States and Middle-eastern students.…”

The Role of Moral Philosophies and Value Orientations in Consumer Ethics: a Post-Transitional European Country Perspective

“…While some of these studies suggest that female, older, educated, employed, and religious consumers would be less tolerant of ethically questionable activities, others could not confirm these relationships. Consequently, because the significance of demographic factors in the formation of ethical beliefs is not clear (Vitell 2003), several studies shifted the focus to psychographic factors, which demonstrated more explanatory power, such as moral philosophies (e.g., Suter et al 2006;Swaidan et al 2004), Machiavellianism (e.g., Al-Khatib et al 2004Rawwas et al 1996), materialism (e.g., Arli and Tjiptono 2014;Lu and Lu 2010), and values (e.g., Ford et al 2005;Steenhaut and Van Kenhove 2006). Here, the findings generally suggest that ethically questionable behaviour is tolerated more by individuals who are less idealistic, more relativistic, Machiavellian, and materialistic, although this has not been supported across the board (Al-Khatib et al 1995;Arli and Tjiptono 2014;Lu and Lu 2010).…”

An exploratory investigation of aberrant consumer behaviour in Libya: a sociocultural approach

“…cultures is important for international businesses, not least for managing ACB (Saeed et al, 2001;Ford et al, 2005;Mitchell et al, 2009). Cross-cultural studies have shown that consumers' predispositions towards, and engagement in, ACB differ across societies (Rawwas, 2001;Al-Khatib et al, 2005); moreover those differences reflect cultural, economic, religious, legal and social contexts (Al-Khatib et al, 1997;Rawwas et al, 1998;Rawwas, 2001;Fisher et al, 2003).…”