The Effect of Culture and Religiosity on Business Ethics: A Cross-cultural Comparison

Rashid, Md. Zabid Abdul; Ibrahim, Saidatul

doi:10.1007/s10551-007-9601-3

Cited by 78 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…So far, many strategies have hailed micro marketing as the new marketing model of the next millennium. This research has found that there has been a very limited amount of research that examines the cultural traits and consumer ethics of subcultures within the USA and within other countries (Rashid and Ibrahim 2008). To fill this gap and since marketers cannot afford to ignore the stunning diversity of subcultures that are reshaping the American society, this research explores the differences in consumer ethics and culture using a sample from the African American subculture.…”

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confidence: 99%

Culture and Consumer Ethics

Swaidan

2011

J Bus Ethics

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Disparity in consumer ethics reflects cultural variations; these are differences in the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes one culture from another. This study explores the differences in consumer ethics across cultural dimensions using Hofstede's (in Culture's consequences: international differences in work-related values, Sage, Beverly Hills, 1980) model (collectivism, masculinity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance) and Muncy and Vitell (in J Bus Res 24(4):297-311, 1992) consumer ethics model (i.e., illegal, active, passive, and no harm). This is the first study to empirically explore consumer ethics using these two major constructs. Seven hundred sixty one African American consumers were used to test the four major hypotheses developed in this study. Current research has revealed that there are significant differences in ethics between consumers who score high and consumers who score low on Hofstede's four cultural dimensions. In general, this research revealed that consumers who score high on collectivism, high on uncertainty avoidance, low on masculinity, and low on power distance scales reject questionable activities more than consumers who score low on collectivism, low on uncertainty avoidance, high on masculinity, and high on power distance. This study should prove valuable to international marketers because the Hofstede cultural model allows managers to identify differences in consumer ethics across different cultures and thus provides a theoretical base for designing effective marketing strategies.Keywords Culture Á Hofstede model Á Consumer ethics Á African American subculture Á Muncy and Vitell modelAs the USA becomes more heterogeneous, with an increasing minorities population, marketers need to develop better understanding of the diverse values of the subcultures that mark the American society. Understanding consumers' subculture is vital for the development of successful marketing strategies that integrate consumers' moral values. Cultural generalizations about whole societies and how they view ethical issues may not be completely appropriate in the future (Jenner et al. 2008). Marketers should focus on the value set of each small group of individuals when developing their internal policies and their external marketing strategies (Huo and Randall 1991).Hofstede et al. (2010) defined culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group of people from another. Culture is recognized as an important variable influencing consumer ethical decision-making and behavior (Singhapakdi et al. 1994;Tavakoli et al. 2003). Culture affects the marketing mix (product development, promotion, distribution, and pricing) because it determines what consumers wear and eat and where they reside and travel. Hofstede (1980) theorized that cultures could be contrasted along four dimensions: individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance. Individualism/ collectivism represents the relation between an individu...

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confidence: 99%

Culture and Consumer Ethics

Swaidan

2011

J Bus Ethics

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“…Empirical studies generally support the idea that different cultures interpret, often persistently, the same ethical issues in different ways (Ford et al, 2005;Goodwin and Goodwin, 1999;Rashid and Ibrahim, 2008;Sarwono and Armstrong, 2001;White and Rhodeback, 1992). The tendency of a culture to reproduce and reinforce its own idiosyncratic beliefs is echoed by the institutional theory.…”

Section: Transplantation Of Institutional Logics and Ethical Beliefsmentioning

confidence: 94%

MNC Strategic Responses to Ethical Pressure: An Institutional Logic Perspective

2010

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In this study, we aim to investigate how multinational corporations (MNCs) balance ethical pressures from both the home and host countries. Drawing on theories from institutional theory, international business, and business ethics, we build a theoretical framework to explain the ethical behavior of MNCs. We apply the institutional logic concept to examine how MNCs with established logics and principles that have grown in the home country respond to local ethical expectations in the host country. We differentiate the core values from the peripheral components of a MNC's institutional logic and propose that a MNC will pursue distinctive ethical strategies under different scenarios and choose the ''right'' configuration of core values and peripheral components that align with institutional environment in host countries.

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“…The validity of particular generative mechanisms is seldom established once and for all (Ackroyd, 2004 There has been some writing investigating the relationship between organisational culture/identity and SAW (see e.g. Barrett, 2003, Carroll et al, 2014, Parboteeah and Cullen, 2003, Vandenberghe, 2011, Sheep and Foreman, 2012, Rashid and Ibrahim, 2008. However, much of this work is either descriptive or quantitative and fails to explain why such a relationship exists.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying critical realism in spirituality at work research

McGhee

Grant

2017

MRR

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. Design/methodology/approach: CR is a philosophical meta-theory that allows the stratification of spirituality into different levels of reality, advocates for research methods matching the ontology of the level investigated, and provides complementary methods of exploring this phenomenon's causal power in social contexts. The authors present a study where CR was used to explain how and why SAW influences ethics in organizational contexts. Findings:The results demonstrate that CR provides a useful approach to bridging the positivist-interpretivist difference in SAW research. Moreover, a CR approach helped explain the underlying conditions and causal mechanisms that power SAW to influence ethical decision-making and behavior in the workplace. Originality/value: While CR has been applied in management literature, negligible SAW material has utilized this approach. That which does exist is either conceptual or does not explicitly discuss their methods of data analysis or describe how CR concepts resulted in their findings. This paper addresses that lacuna. CR also provides value, as an alternative approach to SAW research, in that it allows the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods as complementary, not confrontational, approaches to the study of SAW while providing a more integrated and deeper view of SAW and its effects. Opposing this view are those that argue for interpretivist approaches (Lips-Wiersma, 2003, Neal et al., 1999. For instance, Fornaciari and Dean (2001) argue that scientific knowledge is a partial truth, a truth that ignores inner meaning. They "challenge the dominance of the positivist paradigm in spirituality in organizations research, pointing out the absurdity of trying to factor analyse God" (p. 35).Unfortunately, SAW is not easy to classify and can be problematic to measure. How we express spirituality tends to be value-laden and inherently personal. Unfortunately, human beings are complex non-rational and emotional creatures who tend to defy the neat, behaviourist definitions offered by the positivist model. As Lips-Wiersma (2003) argues, not only is one's expression of spirituality intensely unique to each individual, any inquiry into its nature or effe...

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The Effect of Culture and Religiosity on Business Ethics: A Cross-cultural Comparison

Abstract: ethical scenarios, culture, religiosity, Malays, Chinese, Indians,

Cited by 78 publications

References 40 publications

Culture and Consumer Ethics

Culture and Consumer Ethics

MNC Strategic Responses to Ethical Pressure: An Institutional Logic Perspective

Applying critical realism in spirituality at work research

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