A critical study of the application of graphite-furnace non-flame atomic absorption spectrometry to the deter-mination of trace base metals in complex heavy-matrix sample solutions

Inorganic and geological materials

“…Numerous reviews and critical studies have appeared on the use of the graphite furnace for nonflame atomization ( 4 , 45) and the technique is enjoying ever wider use. The furnace is being used for direct atomization of rock samples for the determination of numerous elements (E-26-E-28), for the determination of antimony in steel ( 6 7 ) , determination of trace elements in high purity glasses and their raw materials (71), combined with electrodeposition for the determination of a number of elements in salt solutions (96,201), and numerous other applications.…”

Trace metal analysis of rocks and sediments by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy

“…Numerous interelement interferences, both positive and negative, exist for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy for various trace metals and have been documented in Cruz and van Loon (1974), Johnson and Maxwell (1981), Pinta (1982), andvan Loon (1985). Interferences are eliminated or compensated for through the removal of silica by the digestion procedure, dilution, the use of mixed salt standards, the use of deuterium source background correction (where applicable and appropriate), the choice of appropriate ashing and atomization temperatures and times, and the use of matrix modifiers (where applicable).…”

“…Interelement interferences, both positive and negative, are removed or compensated for. Further information about the principles of the method can be found in Cruz and van Loon (1974), Johnson and Maxwell (1981), Pinta (1982), andvan Loon (1985).…”

Investigation of interference mechanism of cobalt chloride on the determination of bismuth by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

“…doi:10.1016/j.sab.2004.11.001 [7][8][9], formation of a volatile compound between analyte and matrix before the atomization step and its loss by vaporization in molecular form at the beginning of atomization step or during the pyrolysis step, depending on the temperature [10][11][12][13][14]; expulsion of analyte atoms together with rapidly expanding matrix gases in the atomization step [9][10][11]15]; formation of a thermally stable compound of analyte upon its reaction with matrix constituents, which is not efficiently atomized compared to matrix-free analyte [5,10,12,13]. All those processes generally cause depressive effects on the analyte sensitivity.…”