A Critical Study of Carbon-Reduction Techniques for the Determination of Oxygen in Thorium and Yttrium Metals.

Studies on the D.C. carbon arc, gas-chromatographic technique for the determination of gases in metal

“…More complete recovery of both oxygen and nitrogen from a variety of metals, and in particular, more complete recovery of oxygen from metals containing manganese, by the addition of tin to the reaction mediun, has been reported by a number of investigators using vacuum and inert gas fusion techniques (11,12). Jones found that the addition of small quantities of tin or silver to certain steel samples caused more complete recovery of the oxygen content by the dc arc-extraction technique (4).…”

“…The chamber is separated from the vacuum manifold by valve [11] (Temescal Metallurgical Corp., toggle actuated, angle pattern, 2.54 cm port) with the valve seat located close to the side of the chamber. The extraction atmosphere inlet valve [12] and the shut-off valve [13] (both Whitey Research Tool Co., toggle actuated, angle pattern) to the chromatograph sampling system are welded to the chamber.…”

Simultaneous determination of oxygen and nitrogen in metals by carrier-gas fusion extraction

“…Careful filed and cleaned samples fluxed with 12-gauge platinum wire, platinum capsules formed from 1-mil foil, or both Platinum wire: <2 ppm nitrogen; 5-8 ppm oxygen. Platinum foil: <2 ppm nitrogen; [10][11][12][13][14][15] ppm oxygen Furnace blanks somewhat temperature dependent: 0.1-0.8…”

“…This is not the first observation on the beneficial effects of tin in the reaction medium. Previous investigators (1,8,4,6,8,11,12,18,19,21,86,40,50,55) have shown that the presence of tin in various reaction media contributed to the more efficient and reproducible extraction of the oxygen content as well. The role played by the tin is not clear although a number of desirable functions have been attributed to it (12).…”

“…Previous investigators (1,8,4,6,8,11,12,18,19,21,86,40,50,55) have shown that the presence of tin in various reaction media contributed to the more efficient and reproducible extraction of the oxygen content as well. The role played by the tin is not clear although a number of desirable functions have been attributed to it (12). There is considerable evidence that it is difficult to extract nitrogen down to its equilibrium level in many melts.…”