2014
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589572
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A Critical Role of the C-terminal Segment for Allosteric Inhibitor-induced Aberrant Multimerization of HIV-1 Integrase

Abstract: Background: Allosteric integrase (IN) inhibitors (ALLINIs) promote aberrant protein multimerization. Results: ALLINI-2 induces protein-protein interactions, including C-terminal residues Lys-264 and Lys-266, which lead to aberrant, higher-order IN multimerization. Conclusion: The protein-protein contacts beyond the inhibitor binding site contribute to aberrant IN multimerization. Significance: Our findings provide structural clues and underscore the significance for exploiting IN multimerization as a new thera… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(48 citation statements)
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References 55 publications
(85 reference statements)
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“…We first tested the best characterized archetypal IN inhibitor BI-B2 (also known as ALLINI-2) (Figure S7A) in conjunction with the WT virus and HIV-1 NL4-3 IN(A128T) , a mutation that confers significant resistance to this inhibitor (Figure 7A) (Feng et al, 2013; Fontana et al, 2015; Shkriabai et al, 2014). BI-B2 treatment of virus producer cells substantially inhibited the binding of WT IN to RNA in virions, while the treatment of HIV-1 NL4-3 IN(A128T) with the inhibitor yielded IN-RNA crosslink levels that were comparable with untreated WT virus (Figures 7B and S7B).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We first tested the best characterized archetypal IN inhibitor BI-B2 (also known as ALLINI-2) (Figure S7A) in conjunction with the WT virus and HIV-1 NL4-3 IN(A128T) , a mutation that confers significant resistance to this inhibitor (Figure 7A) (Feng et al, 2013; Fontana et al, 2015; Shkriabai et al, 2014). BI-B2 treatment of virus producer cells substantially inhibited the binding of WT IN to RNA in virions, while the treatment of HIV-1 NL4-3 IN(A128T) with the inhibitor yielded IN-RNA crosslink levels that were comparable with untreated WT virus (Figures 7B and S7B).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Solution-phase amide HDX experiments were carried out as described previously 33 using a fully automated system, and sample handling was done using CTC HTS Twin PAL robots (LEAP Technologies), housed inside a 4 °C cabinet. In parallel reactions, 10 µM of preformed complex between 6 × His-LEDGF/p75 and FLAG-HIV-1 IN or 10 µM 6 × His-HIV-1 IN protein premixed with 1:5 molar excess of BI/D were subjected to HDX analysis.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sizes of the IN multimers formed in the presence of ALLINIs significantly exceed that of the tetrameric form needed for catalysis. 25,33,34 In infected cells, ALLINIs inhibit both early and late stages of HIV-1 replication with the most potent antiviral activity observed as a result of improper maturation of virus particles. 26,28,3537 During maturation, the antiviral activity of ALLINIs has been linked to the promotion of aberrant IN multimers, which in turn leads to the mislocalization of ribonucleoprotein complexes outside of the capsid core and results in eccentric, noninfectious virions.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recent biophysical studies have revealed the critical role of the CTD in addition to the CCD for inhibitor-induced aberrant IN multimerization (Gupta et al 2014; Shkriabai et al 2014). Sedimentation velocity and turbidity assays with truncated IN variants have shown that the addition of ALLINI stabilized a dimeric form of IN CCD but induced higher order multimerization with the two domain IN CCD–CTD construct or full-length IN (Gupta et al 2014).…”
Section: The Complexity Of In Subunit–subunit Interactionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sedimentation velocity and turbidity assays with truncated IN variants have shown that the addition of ALLINI stabilized a dimeric form of IN CCD but induced higher order multimerization with the two domain IN CCD–CTD construct or full-length IN (Gupta et al 2014). Mass spectrometry-based protein footprinting of full-length IN in complex with ALLINI has identified protein–protein interactions in the CCD and CTD that extend beyond the inhibitor-binding site and which contribute to higher order IN multimerization (Shkriabai et al 2014). For example, IN CTD residues Lys264 and Lys266, which are significantly distanced from the ALLINI-binding site, were shielded from modification when the inhibitor was added to IN.…”
Section: The Complexity Of In Subunit–subunit Interactionsmentioning
confidence: 99%