“…A financial-based demand response still suffers from promoting its rapid acceptance by electricity clients [284] while the demand response to a real-time price requires modifying the hardware on both the utility and consumer sides. As a result, both ageing utility workers and customers are unwilling to accept any quick changes in terms of technological infrastructures, e.g., the installation of communication lines and smart meters, which are perceived as intrusive [285]. Therefore, educating the society about recent advance in technologies is essential to realise a large scale implementation of the demand response, otherwise it may take longer than expected to observe its widespread effectiveness.…”
Although microgrids facilitate the increased penetration of distributed generations (DGs) and improve the security of power supplies, they have some issues that need to be better understood and addressed before realising the full potential of microgrids. This paper presents a comprehensive list of challenges and opportunities supported by a literature review on the evolution of converter-based microgrids. The discussion in this paper presented with a view to establishing microgrids as distinct from the existing distribution systems. This is accomplished by, firstly, describing the challenges and benefits of using DG units in a distribution network and then those of microgrid ones. Also, the definitions, classifications and characteristics of microgrids are revised according to their specific roles to provide a sound basis for novice researchers to undertake ongoing research on microgrids.
“…A financial-based demand response still suffers from promoting its rapid acceptance by electricity clients [284] while the demand response to a real-time price requires modifying the hardware on both the utility and consumer sides. As a result, both ageing utility workers and customers are unwilling to accept any quick changes in terms of technological infrastructures, e.g., the installation of communication lines and smart meters, which are perceived as intrusive [285]. Therefore, educating the society about recent advance in technologies is essential to realise a large scale implementation of the demand response, otherwise it may take longer than expected to observe its widespread effectiveness.…”
Although microgrids facilitate the increased penetration of distributed generations (DGs) and improve the security of power supplies, they have some issues that need to be better understood and addressed before realising the full potential of microgrids. This paper presents a comprehensive list of challenges and opportunities supported by a literature review on the evolution of converter-based microgrids. The discussion in this paper presented with a view to establishing microgrids as distinct from the existing distribution systems. This is accomplished by, firstly, describing the challenges and benefits of using DG units in a distribution network and then those of microgrid ones. Also, the definitions, classifications and characteristics of microgrids are revised according to their specific roles to provide a sound basis for novice researchers to undertake ongoing research on microgrids.
“…The powerful multiobjective function model for balancing the achieved profit between microenergy grid resources, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) cells, is introduced in Ju et al By considering DR, the loading amount can be shifted from peak times to nonpeak times and consequently changes natural resources such as wind and solar …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The powerful multiobjective function model for balancing the achieved profit between microenergy grid resources, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) cells, is introduced in Ju et al 11 By considering DR, the loading amount can be shifted from peak times to nonpeak times and consequently changes natural resources such as wind and solar. 12 In this paper, new strategies of existence in the markets are presented and have been used by turbine storage to come up with market needs. The scholastic optimization model is used in the participation model of distributed energy resource (DER) and DR to increase the demand in the markets; the balanced market was inserted into the markets to increase the benefit of the producers and to deal with unpredicted costs.…”
Summary
This paper presents an integrated operation model of renewable energy, distributed generators (DGs), energy storage, and demand response to overcome the challenges of renewable energy market participation. Additionally, an accurate prediction model for wind, photovoltaic (PV) power, and market price is introduced based on ensemble empirical model decomposition. In this model, radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used for the forecasting of subsignals from the analysis model. The training model of RBFNN is shaped based on the B‐water cycle algorithm (WCA) optimization method. Additionally, by considering the adjusted market, demand response, and uncertainties analysis, this method reduced the economic damages of generators and loads. A case study test has consisted of a wind turbine, photovoltaic energy, fuel cell energy, demand response, and energy storage.
“…Other recent papers [22] have reviewed various integration methods for renewable energy systems based on storage and demand response. This covers two main areas, namely (1) the optimal usage of storage, and (2) improvement of user participation via demand response mechanisms and other collaborative methods.…”
Renewable energy sources have emerged as an alternative to meet the growing demand for energy, mitigate climate change, and contribute to sustainable development. The integration of these systems is carried out in a distributed manner via microgrid systems; this provides a set of technological solutions that allows information exchange between the consumers and the distributed generation centers, which implies that they need to be managed optimally. Energy management in microgrids is defined as an information and control system that provides the necessary functionality, which ensures that both the generation and distribution systems supply energy at minimal operational costs. This paper presents a literature review of energy management in microgrid systems using renewable energies, along with a comparative analysis of the different optimization objectives, constraints, solution approaches, and simulation tools applied to both the interconnected and isolated microgrids. To manage the intermittent nature of renewable energy, energy storage technology is considered to be an attractive option due to increased technological maturity, energy density, and capability of providing grid services such as frequency response. Finally, future directions on predictive modeling mainly for energy storage systems are also proposed.
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