A critical review of the recent advances in inclusion-triggered localized corrosion in steel

Liu, Pan; Zhang, Qinhao; Watanabe, Yutaka; Shoji, Tetsuo; Cao, Fahe

doi:10.1038/s41529-022-00294-6

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Performing an EDX analysis on the inclusion, it was confirmed that it was a TiN nonmetallic inclusion (NMI) (see Figure 10b) [61,62]. This type of TiN NMI has been seen to promote higher corrosion susceptibility in duplex stainless steel, leading in some cases to the promotion of TG-SCC [63,64]. As can be seen on the EDX spectra, the highest peaks correspond with Ti and N; nevertheless, some minor traces of Fe and Cr from the substrate of the ferrite cleavage facet were also seen [65][66][67].…”

Section: Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (Edx)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanisms of UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Carbonated Solution Induced by Chlorides

Martin

Bastidas

2023

Metals

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Herein, the chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanisms of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) reinforcing bars in alkaline and carbonated solutions are studied. Electrochemical monitoring and mechanical properties were tested using linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, coupled with the slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT) to evaluate the SCC behavior and unravel the pit-to-crack mechanisms. Pit initiation and crack morphology were identified by fractographic analysis, which revealed the transgranular (TG) SCC mechanism. HCO3− acidification enhanced the anodic dissolution kinetics, thus promoting a premature pit-to-crack transition, seen by the decrease in the maximum phase angle in the Bode plot at low frequencies (≈ 1 Hz) for the carbonated solution. The crack propagation rate for the carbonated solution increased by over 100% compared to the alkaline solution, coinciding with the lower phase angle from the Bode plots, as well as with the lower charge transfer resistance. Pit initiation was found at the TiN nonmetallic inclusion inside the ferrite phase cleavage facet, which developed TG-SCC.

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Section: Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (Edx)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanisms of UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Carbonated Solution Induced by Chlorides

Martin

Bastidas

2023

Metals

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“…Inclusions in steel can be defined as non-metallic compounds formed during production and processing that do not incorporate into the molecular structure of the alloy. The types of inclusions in carbon and low alloy steels are influenced by various factors, including casting techniques and post processing [140][141][142][143]. Based on the source of origin, inclusions can be classified into endogenous and exogenous types [142,144].…”

Section: Types Of Inclusions In Steels and Their Effects On The Abiot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endogenous inclusions are formed during the deoxidation process or precipitated during solidification of the steel [142,143]. During steel transfer from the furnace to the ladle, tundish, mould, or continuous caster, air pickup is nearly unavoidable, leading to typical endogenous inclusions such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) or silica (SiO 2 ) [142,143].…”

Section: Types Of Inclusions In Steels and Their Effects On The Abiot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Metallurgical Features in the Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel: A Critical Review

Javed,

Ivanovich,

Messinese

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is a potentially critical degradation mechanism for a wide range of materials exposed to environments that contain relevant microorganisms. The likelihood and rate of MIC are affected by microbiological, chemical, and metallurgical factors; hence, the understanding of the mechanisms involved, verification of the presence of MIC, and the development of mitigation methods require a multidisciplinary approach. Much of the recent focus in MIC research has been on the microbiological and chemical aspects, with less attention given to metallurgical attributes. Here, we address this knowledge gap by providing a critical synthesis of the literature on the metallurgical aspects of MIC of carbon steel, a material frequently associated with MIC failures and widely used in construction and infrastructure globally. The article begins by introducing the process of MIC, then progresses to explore the complexities of various metallurgical factors relevant to MIC in carbon steel. These factors include chemical composition, grain size, grain boundaries, microstructural phases, inclusions, and welds, highlighting their potential influence on MIC processes. This review systematically presents key discoveries, trends, and the limitations of prior research, offering some novel insights into the impact of metallurgical factors on MIC, particularly for the benefit of those already familiar with other aspects of MIC. The article concludes with recommendations for documenting metallurgical data in MIC research. An appreciation of relevant metallurgical attributes is essential for a critical assessment of a material’s vulnerability to MIC to advance research practices and to broaden the collective knowledge in this rapidly evolving area of study.

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“…Nonmetallic inclusions, such as MnS inclusions, are known to be initiation sites for pitting on austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steels in chloride solutions [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] . It has also been highlighted that duplex stainless steels may play an important role in pit initiation [48][49][50] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-electrochemical insights into pit initiation site on aged UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel

et al. 2023

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An aging treatment of UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel at 1173 K for 1.0 ks produced σ and secondary austenite (γ2) phases in the α and γ phase boundary regions. Small amount of Mn-Cr oxide and MnS complex inclusions were present in the steel. No pitting was observed during the potentiodynamic polarization of a small area (200 × 200 µm) without inclusions in 1 M MgCl2 at 348 K. Because the electrode area included α, γ, σ, and γ2 phases, these phases and their boundaries alone could not act as initiation sites for pitting. The electrode area size was gradually reduced from 3 × 3 mm to 1 × 1 mm, and pitting corrosion was observed to occur at the Mn-Cr oxide and MnS complex inclusions in a region that appeared to be the γ2 phase near the σ phase.

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A critical review of the recent advances in inclusion-triggered localized corrosion in steel

Cited by 27 publications

References 99 publications

Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanisms of UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Carbonated Solution Induced by Chlorides

Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanisms of UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Carbonated Solution Induced by Chlorides

The Role of Metallurgical Features in the Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel: A Critical Review

Micro-electrochemical insights into pit initiation site on aged UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel

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