A Critical Review of Sexual Violence Prevention on College Campuses

Newl, Rory

doi:10.4172/2469-6676.100040

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Approximately 20%–25% of women are sexually assaulted by a man during college, and acquaintances commit the overwhelming majority of assaults (Cantor et al, 2019; Krebs et al, 2007; Muehlenhard et al, 2017). Current prevention approaches provide inadequate reduction of SA (DeGue et al, 2014; Newlands & O′Donohue, 2016), and a recent review suggests that they may be iatrogenic for higher‐risk males (Malamuth et al, 2018). Thus, there is a pressing need for basic research that could lead to the development of novel prevention strategies.…”

Section: Item Mean/sd Never (%) Seldom (%) Sometimes (%) Often (%) Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective behavioral strategies for sexual aggression and risky sexual behavior

Treat

Corbin

Viken

2021

Aggressive Behavior

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Sexual aggression (SA) is a serious public‐health problem on college campuses, and there is a pressing need for basic research fostering the development of novel prevention strategies. The current study (a) developed measures of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) for sexual aggression (SA) and risky sex (RS); (b) characterized college men's PBS use; and (c) evaluated whether those who reported engaging in SA and RS showed lower PBS use. Undergraduate men from two universities (n = 567) who endorsed sexual attraction toward women completed measures of PBS, SA, RS, rape‐supportive and sociosexual attitudes, and alcohol consumption. On average, participants reported using PBS for SA and RS fairly often, but a sizeable number indicated that they seldom or never used the strategies. Men who reported SA engagement in the last year, relative to their peers, endorsed sharply lower reliance on SA PBS and RS PBS. Men who reported at least one RS behavior in the last year used RS PBS far less often than their peers. The PBS measures converged as expected with other attitudinal and behavioral measures. The new PBS measures reference cognitive‐behavioral approaches that a large percentage of college men use on a regular basis, making them potentially acceptable prevention targets. Further, men at greater risk of exhibiting SA are much less likely to take steps to reduce the risks associated with sexual behavior, in comparison with their peers. Thus, future work could evaluate the potential usefulness of incorporating PBS for SA and RS into primary prevention programming in both domains.

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Section: Item Mean/sd Never (%) Seldom (%) Sometimes (%) Often (%) Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective behavioral strategies for sexual aggression and risky sexual behavior

Treat

Corbin

Viken

2021

Aggressive Behavior

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“…An extensive "critical review" of the scientific literature on prevention efforts on US college campuses was recently published by Newlands and O'Donohue (2016). After engaging in thorough computer-based searches of various databases as well as using various other means, they identified 158 potentially relevant studies.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual assault interventions may be doing more harm than good with high-risk males

Malamuth

Huppin

Linz

2018

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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Based on legal requirements and other considerations, there have been many well-meaning interventions intended to reduce sexual assault on university campuses throughout the US. There is no legal requirement, however, to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs, and few evaluations have been conducted. Those that have suggest that at best only a small number of these interventions have been effective and those involve bystander interventions. More importantly, there has been very little research examining the effects of such interventions on men at high risk for sexual aggression, who presumably are a key target of such interventions. Research on similar campaigns in other domains should have alerted investigators to the possibility of boomerang reactance effects wherein interventions can actually have the opposite of the intended effects for high-risk college males. The few studies that directly have examined this possibility indeed are supportive of the substantial likelihood of such negative effects. Commonly used interventions may fail with high-risk men because they are likely to generate "hostility reactance"one of the key causes of both sexual violence itself and the unintended adverse effects of the interventions. We address the question of why universities have failed to address this possible effect of interventions and why previous reviews have not highlighted this possible danger.

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“…Limited data also have suggested that the behavior of bystanders, or witnesses of sexual violence, is gender-specific [ 58 ]. Although evidence from rigorous evaluations has been limited [ 59 ], prevention with men that integrates a bystander framework may address attitudes and behaviors while decreasing resistance to participation [ 60 – 62 ] because men are treated as women’s “allies” [ 63 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing sexual violence in college men: a randomized-controlled trial of GlobalConsent

et al. 2020

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Background: Sexual violence-any sexual act committed against a person without freely given consentdisproportionately affects women. Women's first experiences of sexual violence often occur in adolescence. In Asia and the Pacific, 14% of sexually experienced adolescent girls report forced sexual debut. Early prevention with men that integrates a bystander framework is one way to address attitudes and behavior while reducing potential resistance to participation. Methods: This paper describes a study protocol to adapt RealConsent for use in Vietnam and to test the impact of the adapted program-GlobalConsent-on cognitive/attitudinal/affective mediators, and in turn, on sexual violence perpetration and prosocial bystander behavior. RealConsent is a six-session, web-based educational entertainment program designed to prevent sexual violence perpetration and to enhance prosocial bystander behavior in young men. The program has reduced the incidence of sexual violence among men attending an urban, public university in the Southeastern United States. We used formative qualitative research and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Map of the Adaptation Process to adapt RealConsent. We conducted semi-structured interviews with college men (n = 12) and women (n = 9) to understand the social context of sexual violence. We conducted focus group discussions with university men and stakeholders (n = 14) to elicit feedback on the original program. From these data, we created scripts in storyboard format of the adapted program. We worked closely with a small group of university men to elicit feedback on the storyboards and to refine them for acceptability and production. We are testing the final program-GlobalConsent-in a randomized controlled trial in heterosexual or bisexual freshmen men 18-24 years attending two universities in Hanoi. We are testing the impact of GlobalConsent (n = 400 planned), relative to a health-education attention control condition we developed (n = 400 planned), on cognitive/attitudinal/affective mediators, prosocial bystander behavior, and sexual violence perpetration. Discussion: This project is the first to test the impact of an adapted, theoretically grounded, web-based educational entertainment program to prevent sexual violence perpetration and to promote prosocial bystander behavior among young men in a middle-income country. If effective, GlobalConsent will have exceptional potential to prevent men's sexual violence against women globally.

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A Critical Review of Sexual Violence Prevention on College Campuses

Cited by 38 publications

References 75 publications

Protective behavioral strategies for sexual aggression and risky sexual behavior

Protective behavioral strategies for sexual aggression and risky sexual behavior

Sexual assault interventions may be doing more harm than good with high-risk males

Preventing sexual violence in college men: a randomized-controlled trial of GlobalConsent

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