A critical review of separation technologies in lignocellulosic biomass conversion to liquid transportation fuels production processes

Ibarra-Gonzalez, Paola; Christensen, Lars Porskjær; Rong, Ben-Guang

doi:10.1080/00986445.2021.1874367

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…LTFT (200−240 °C) is suitable for the production of diesel and wax hydrocarbons, and HTFT (300−360 °C) is suitable for gasoline and middle-distillate hydrocarbons. 31,32 More information on catalysts used and reactor types used in FTS can be found elsewhere. 32,33 Syngas produced via biomass gasification would yield a wide range of FT products, such as biomass-derived kerosene, as either a blending component or on-specification fuel 34 suitable for decarbonizing the aviation and maritime sector.…”

Section: Ftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In FTS, cleaned syngas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide is used and upgraded to a range of longchained hydrocarbons using supported metal catalysts, such as a cobalt-or iron-based catalyst. 31,32 The exothermic reactions (eqs R12−R14) involving FTS are shown in Table 4, where syngas becomes converted to paraffins, olefins, and alcohols. These long-chained hydrocarbons can be further upgraded to transportation fuels and other valuable chemical products through product upgradation steps.…”

Section: Ftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In FTS, cleaned syngas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide is used and upgraded to a range of long-chained hydrocarbons using supported metal catalysts, such as a cobalt- or iron-based catalyst. , The exothermic reactions (eqs –) involving FTS are shown in Table , where syngas becomes converted to paraffins, olefins, and alcohols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FTS has two main operating modes, low-temperature Fischer–Tropsch (LTFT) mode and high-temperature Fischer–Tropsch (HTFT) mode. LTFT (200–240 °C) is suitable for the production of diesel and wax hydrocarbons, and HTFT (300–360 °C) is suitable for gasoline and middle-distillate hydrocarbons. , More information on catalysts used and reactor types used in FTS can be found elsewhere. , Syngas produced via biomass gasification would yield a wide range of FT products, such as biomass-derived kerosene, as either a blending component or on-specification fuel suitable for decarbonizing the aviation and maritime sector. In addition, other higher value chemicals, such as bio-olefins, are also produced, which could aid in limiting the extraction of fossil-based feedstock for existing olefin production plants and also aid in offsetting carbon leakage in future olefin production plants with circular use of plastics …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Analysis of Chemical Looping Gasification of Biomass for Fischer–Tropsch Crude Production with Net-Negative CO₂ Emissions: Part 1

et al. 2022

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Large-scale biofuel production plants require an efficient gasification process that generates syngas of high quality (with minimal gas contaminants and inert gases) to minimize the extent of the syngas cleaning processes required for liquid biofuel production. This work presents process modeling of the chemical looping gasification (CLG) process for syngas production. The CLG process is integrated with a Fischer−Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process to produce Fischer−Tropsch (FT) crude with net-negative CO 2 emissions, enabling process and system-level analyses of this novel biomass-to-liquid process. CLG resembles indirect gasification in an interconnected circulating fluidized bed reactor, where instead of inert bed material, a solid-oxygen carrier, such as mineral ores rich in iron or manganese oxides, is used. The oxygen carrier particles undergo oxidation and reduction in the air reactor and fuel reactor, respectively, thereby providing heat and oxygen for gasification. This work uses data from CLG experiments performed with steel converter slag as the oxygen carrier and investigates its potential when integrated with different downstream gas cleaning trains and the subsequent fuel synthesis process with the primary objective of quantifying and evaluating the performance of the integrated CLG−FT process plant. Syngas with a high energy content of 12 MJ/Nm 3 (lower heating value basis) is predicted with a cold gas efficiency of 73%. CO 2 /CO ratios, higher than indirect biomass gasification, are also predicted in the raw syngas produced; thus, there exists an opportunity to capture biogenic CO 2 with a relatively lower energy penalty in the subsequent gas cleaning stages. This work quantifies other key performance indicators, such as heat recovery potential, negative CO 2 emission capacity, and FT crude production efficiency of the CLG−FT plant. A 100 MW th CLG plant produces roughly 677−696 barrels per day of FT crude, with net-negative emissions of roughly 180 kilotonnes of CO 2 annually.

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