A Critical Review of Human Haemoglobin Variants

Studies on Human Foetal Haemoglobin. II. Foetal Haemoglobin Levels in Healthy Children and Adults and in Certain Haematological Disorders

“…Many workers have suggested that in early foetal life Hb-F may be prcccded or acconipanicd by another type of 'primitive' haemoglobin, dcsignatcd as 'Hb-P' (for rcfcrcnccs see Betke, 1958; Beaven and Gratzer, 1959). Although Halbrccht and Klibanski (1956) claim that 'Hb-P' migrates morc slowly in paper clcctroplioresis than Hb-A and Hb-F, our own experience with this techniquc is that wlicn the proportion of Hb-F is vcry high (e.g.…”

A Human Hemoglobin With Lowered Oxygen Affinity and Impaired Heme-Heme Interactions*

“…Hemoglobin M causes cyanosis apparently due to its inability to combine with oxygen. The pigment may be present in the blood as methemoglobin M or as its nonoxidized precursor (4).…”

Modified Sickledex Tube Test: A Specific Test for 5 Hemoglobin

“…), Umi (17), L Ferrara (18), Leiden (19), Lepore (20), Memphis/S (21,22), and G (Coushatta) (23). The following hemoglobins cannot be distinguished electrophoretically from hemoglobin S under other specified conditions: Russ (24,25), Shimonoseki (17), Koln (26), G (Philadelphia) (27), G (Port Arthur) 28), G (Galveston) (28), G (Texas) (28), Alexandra (29,30), and Zurich 31). Thus, electrophoresis is not a reliable technique in and of itself for the specific identification.…”