A critical review of assessment strategies to measure the behavioral activation model of depression

Mechanisms of behavioral activation for late adolescents: Positive reinforcement mediate the relationship between activation and depressive symptoms from pre-treatment to post-treatment

“…In recently behavioral activation mechanism of action, behavioral activation techniques are less likely to target the mood directly but it is expected that mood changes will occur following behavior that elicits positive reinforcement (Manos et al, 2010). These were expected to change the relationship between activation and depressive symptoms through the mediation of positive reinforcement.…”

Relationships Among Valued Action, Behavioral Activation, Avoidance, and Reinforcement in a Sample of College Students

“…Response-contingent positive reinforcement is a function of three factors: (1) differences in what is potentially reinforcing to different individuals, (2) the availability in the environment of what is reinforcing to a particular individual, and (3) the individual's skill in obtaining and maintaining contact with that reinforcement (Lewinsohn, 1974). Armento et al (2007) uses the term "reward" rather than "reinforcement" in the EROS because it is linked with recent neurobiological research on the reward system (Manos et al, 2010). Since there are growing concerns about the confusion between "reward" and "reinforcement," the term "reinforcement" is used in this study.…”

“…The immediate goal of behavioral activation includes restoring an environment characterized by diverse and stable sources of positive reinforcement (Manos et al, 2010) and the extinction of positive reinforcement for depressive behavior (Manos et al, 2010). However, the EROS measured how much positive reinforcement was contingent on one's own behaviors in daily life, which can only be evaluated in a subjective way (Takagaki et al, 2013).…”

“…Although behavioral activation techniques are less likely to target mood directly, mood change may occur following behavior that elicits positive reinforcement. By increasing reinforcements for healthy behavior, these reinforcements elicit behavior activation (Manos, Kanter, & Busch, 2010).…”

Avoidance, Vicious Cycles, and Experiential Disconfirmation of Script

“…For example, the hopelessness, anhedonia, and low mood that characterize depression predispose depressed individuals to avoiding activities, even though doing so results in a reduction of positive stimulus that, in turn, maintains the depression. Although avoidance can lead to short-term relief, it does not solve the underlying problems and can generate new problems or exacerbate existing ones, thus contributing to maintaining the depression (Jacobson, Martell, & Dimidjian, 2001;Manos, Kanter, & Busch, 2010;Martell, Addis, & Jacobson, 2001;Trew, 2011). Depression is also associated with (unsuccessful) attempts to avoid certain thoughts, feelings, and sensations (Cribb, Moulds, & Carter, 2006;Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000;Trew, 2011;Tull & Gratz, 2008).…”