A critical review of advanced nanotechnology and hybrid membrane based water recycling, reuse, and wastewater treatment processes

Natural Products and Nanotechnology Against Coronavirus Disease 2019

“…Nanoparticles can be designed in different shapes and sizes, loaded with drugs, and modified functionally and physiochemically according to the characteristics of the active substances. Chemical functionalization and identification of unique physical and chemical properties have been applied in various fields based on the synthesis and characterization of rich engineering materials ( Zhang and Tang, 2016 ; Weiss et al, 2020 ; Ahmed et al, 2021 ; Manikandan et al, 2021 ; Venturi, 2021 ).…”

Recent progress in nanomaterial-functionalized membranes for removal of pollutants

“…It can effectively adsorb pollutants with functional groups anchored on nanomaterials such as amine, hydrogen bonds, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxylic groups by hydrophobic interaction, π–π stacking, electrostatic interaction, and van der Waals interactions ( Cai et al., 2018 ). In addition to chemical adsorption, several metal-oxide-based nanomaterials offer properties of photocatalysis and disinfection that allow these nanomaterials to remove biological and chemical pollutants ( Hyder and Mir, 2021 ; Manikandan et al., 2022 ). Since the early 2000s, various polymeric, carbon, or metallic nanomaterials with well-defined structures have been employed to design state-of-the-art membrane-based wastewater purification systems ( Saleh and Gupta, 2016 ).…”

“…One or more dimensional nanomaterials such as gold-, titanium-, and carbon-based nanostructures have been prepared and used in various applications such as sensing, catalysis, and energy ( Chang, 2021 ; Chang et al., 2014 ; Chen et al., 2013 , 2015 , 2016 ; Lin et al., 2013 , 2021 ; Roy et al., 2013 , 2015 ; Unnikrishnan et al., 2021 ; Wu et al., 2020a , and Wu et al, 2020b ; Xu et al., 2020 ). Nanoparticles (NPs), metal-organic framework (MOFs), nanofibers (NFs), nanowires (NWs), nanotubes (NTs), and two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets (NSs) functionalized membranes have been demonstrated to detect and remove organic dyes, heavy metals, macromolecule, bacteria, and other effluents from wastewater ( Anjum et al., 2019 ; Barman et al., 2018 ; Nain et al., 2017 , 2020a , and Nain et al, 2020b ; Wei et al., 2020 ; Hyder and Mir, 2021 ; Manikandan et al., 2022 ). Incorporating nanomaterial with existing membranes will boost wastewater treatment efficiency because they have exclusive characteristics such as hydrophilicity, thermal stability, surface roughness, hydraulic stability, higher permeability, fouling control, and higher selectivity ( Anjum et al., 2019 ; Chu et al., 2020 ).…”

Fabrication of ballpoint-ink via encapsulating inorganic pigments in microemulsion gels

“…[2][3][4] Nowadays, indigo obtained from inorganic salts has not lost its importance because it offers better stability, especially oxidation resistance, compared with organic pigments. 5 However, research on the solubility of inorganic compounds might play an essential role to unlock the physical and chemical aspects of thermodynamics and kinetics of the molecules microscopically, hence this understanding may be helpful for future advanced research, such as in nanotechnology, [6][7][8] nanophotonics, 9 nanocoatings, 10 solar cell fabrication, 11 membrane therapy, 12 drug delivery to cancer cells, anti-counterfeiting material coatings, 13 optical sensors, 14 etc. In addition, the dissolution of inorganic pigments into microemulsions potentially has a bright future, as it can be applied in the pharmaceutical industry and in the conversion of light into energy, solar cells, sensor technology, and photonics.…”