“…As for learner-related variables, plenty of scholarly attention has been paid to L2 proficiency (e.g., Cumming 1989; Manchón et al, 2009;Sasaki, 2000Sasaki, , 2004, and degree of writing competence or expertise, with important differences reported between skilled and unskilled writers (e.g., Chien, 2012;Cumming, 1989;Raoofi, Binandeh, & Rahmani, 2017). These two factors have been found to influence the quantitative and qualitative use of strategies, as well as the effect that a given strategy may have (see Roca de Larios et al, 2002, for a thorough review). Additional writer-related variables investigated include gender (McMullen, 2009), motivation, (e.g., Csizér & Tankó, 2015), or the writer's mental model of writing, that is, the set of conceptions and beliefs that guide writing performance (e.g., Cumming, 1989;Devine, Raley, & Boshoff, 1993;Manchón et al, 2009;Nicolás-Conesa et al, 2014).…”