A critical evaluation of the application of capillary electrophoresis to the detection and determination of 1,4‐benzodiazepine tranquilizers in formulations and body materials

Smyth, W. Franklin; McClean, Stephen

doi:10.1002/elps.1150191613

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…276 The penetration of electrophoretic chiral separation into analytical practice is best documented by the monograph 277 that describes the current state of the art analysis of pharmaceuticals using capillary electrophoresis. However, special chapters on electrophoretic chiral separations may now be found in practically oriented review articles dealing with electrophoretic techniques 278 for the analysis of particular classes of compounds, e.g., peptides, 279 amino acids, 280 pesticides, 281 1,4-benzodiazepines, 282 drugs, 283 as well as with the development of methods for their analysis. 284 In addition, reviews written from a particular point of view with a single compound, such as isoprotenerol 285 or cefadroxil, 286 may also be found.…”

Section: Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Separations in Capillary Electrophoresis

2000

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Section: Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Separations in Capillary Electrophoresis

2000

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“…When peptide/surface interactions dominate the separation process with reversed phase sorbents in HP-CEC, then the selectivity and elution order appears to be very similar to that obtained in cap-RP-HPLC. [67][68][69] However, in order to ensure maximum utilization of the available separation space, it is preferably for HP-CEC separations of peptides to be performed under conditions whereby multiple separation mechanisms can occur simultaneously. This will permit positively charged peptides to be eluted either before or after the EOF marker, such as uracil, whereas neutral and negatively charged peptides can be eluted after the EOF marker with a sorbent such as a n-alkylsilica.…”

Section: Selectivity Options For the Separation Of Peptides In Hp-cecmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature of the forces controlling selectivity in the high performance capillary electrochromatographic separation of peptides

Walhagen¹,

Huber

Hennessy

et al. 2003

Biopolymers

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In this minireview, the nature of the forces controlling selectivity in the high performance capillary electrochromatographic (HP-CEC) separation of peptides has been examined. For uncharged and charged peptides, a synergistic interplay occurs in HP-CEC systems between adsorptive/partitioning events and electrokinetically driven motion. Moreover, at high field strengths, both bulk electrophoretic migration and surface electrodiffusion occur. Thus, the migration behavior of peptides in different HP-CEC systems can be rationalized in terms of the combined consequences of these various processes. Moreover, in HP-CEC, the buffer electrolyte interacts with both the peptide analytes and the sorbent as bulk phenomena. These buffer-mediated processes control the solvational characteristics, ionization status and conformational behavior of the peptides as well as regulate the double-layer properties of the sorbent, and the ion flux and electro-osmotic flow characteristics of the HP-CEC system per se. These buffer electrolyte effects mediate mutual interactions between the peptide and the sorbent, irrespective of whether the interaction occurs at the surface of microparticles packed into a capillary, at the surface of a contiguous monolithic structure formed or inserted within the capillary or at the walls of the capillary as is the case with open tubular HP-CEC. Diverse molecular and submolecular forces thus coalesce to provide the basis for the different experimental modes under which HP-CEC can be carried out. As a consequence of this interplay, experimental parameters governing the separation of peptides in HP-CEC can be varied over a wide range of conditions, ensuring numerous options for enhanced selectivity, speed, and resolution of peptides. The focus of the peptide separation examples presented in this minireview has been deliberately restricted to the use of HP-CEC capillaries packed with n-alkyl-bonded silicas or mixed-mode strong ion exchange sorbents, although other types of sorbent chemistries can be employed. From these examples, several conclusions have been drawn related to the use of HP-CEC in the peptide sciences. These observations confirm that variation of a specific parameter, such as the pH or the content of the organic solvent modifier in the buffer electrolyte, simultaneously influences all other physicochemical aspects of the specific HP-CEC separation. Peptide selectivity in HP-CEC thus cannot be fine-tuned solely through the use of single parameter optimization methods. In this context, HP-CEC differs significantly from the analogous reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) procedures with peptides. Rather, more sophisticated multiparameter optimization procedures, involving knowledge of (a) the field strength polarity, (b) its contour and flux characteristics, (c) effects of buffer electrolyte composition and pH, (e) the influence of the temperature, and (f) the impact of the sorbent characteristics, are required if the full capabilities offered by HP-CEC procedures are to...

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“…This special issue features a comprehensive paper describing strategies for method development and validation in CE related to pharmaceutical and biological applications [40], ten review articles and twentynine research contributions. The reviews illustrate state-ofthe-art aspects of solute detection and identification [41-431, enantiomer separation [44, 451, analysis of drugs in microdialysates [46], CE for therapeutic drug monitoring [47,481, monitoring of antisense drugs in body fluids [49], and analysis of benzodiazepines in formulations and body materials [50]. The original research papers cover a wide range of topics, from solutions of improved separability, detection and sample preparation, to applications dealing with the analysis of pharmaceuticals in drug preparations, seizures and body fluids, and to areas that are still much in development, including the use of chip-based instrumentation and the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum.…”

Section: Paper Symposiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrophoresis in drug analysis

Thormann

Caslavska

1998

Electrophoresis

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Capillary electrophoresis has become one of the advanced analytical methods for drugs in pharmaceutical, therapeutic, diagnostic and forensic applications. This review discusses key issues and provides key references to the topic of drug analysis using capillary electrophoresis. It gives readers a brief summary of the current status of the technology and serves as an editorial for the paper symposium "Capillary electrophoresis in drug analysis".

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A critical evaluation of the application of capillary electrophoresis to the detection and determination of 1,4‐benzodiazepine tranquilizers in formulations and body materials

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Chiral Separations in Capillary Electrophoresis

Chiral Separations in Capillary Electrophoresis

On the nature of the forces controlling selectivity in the high performance capillary electrochromatographic separation of peptides

Capillary electrophoresis in drug analysis

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