A Critical Evaluation of Gestural Stiffness Estimations in Speech Production Based on a Linear Second-Order Model

Fuchs, Susanne; Perrier, Michel; Hartinger, Mariam

doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2010/10-0131)

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, given that stiffness as a control parameter in a dynamical system is not entirely reliable (e.g. Fuchs, Perrier & Hartinger 2011), and that the boundary-related temporal variation may be modeled by a π-gesture that modulates the 'clock-rate', we will consider the 'clock-rate' parameter as modulating the temporal variation in the present study. )…”

Section: Temporal Modulation By Clock-ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Articulatory reflexes of the three-way contrast in labial stops and kinematic evidence for domain-initial strengthening in Korean

Cho

Son

Kim

2016

Journal of the International Phonetic Association

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This study examines articulatory characteristics of the three-way contrast in labial stops /p php*/ (lenis, aspirated, fortis, respectively) in Korean in phrase-initial and phrase-medial prosodic positions with a two-fold goal. First, it investigates supralaryngeal articulatory reflexes of the stops and explores articulatory invariance of these stops across prosodic positions. Second, it investigates Korean stops in kinematic terms from the perspective of domain-initial strengthening, and explores the nature of prosodically-conditioned speech production from a dynamical perspective. Results showed that the articulatory reflex of the three-way contrast was invariantly observed across prosodic positions with lip constriction degree (/p/</ph/</p*/), while lip constriction duration showed a binary distinction (/p/</php*/). Kinematically, there was only very weak articulatory evidence for the contrast across prosodic positions: The V-to-C lip closing movement tended to be faster for /ph/ than for /p/, and the C-to-V lip opening movement tended to be larger for /php*/ than for /p/. As for domain-initial strengthening, the consonantal lip closing gesture was characterized by a larger, longer and slower articulation, whereas the vocalic lip opening gesture (after the release) was larger and faster, but not longer. Kinematic relations indicated that the lip closing movement is most likely controlled by a rate of the clock (possibly modulated by a temporal modulation gesture, or π-gesture) comparable to boundary effects in English, but the boundary-induced lip opening movement was better accounted for by a change in target (possibly modulated by a spatial modulation gesture, or μ-gesture) which was comparable to prominence rather than boundary effects in English. The cross-linguistic difference was interpreted as coming from different prosodic systems between Korean and English, presumably instantiated in dynamical terms of how the temporal and the spatial modulation gestures are phased with constriction gestures in relation to boundary marking versus prominence marking.

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Section: Temporal Modulation By Clock-ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Articulatory reflexes of the three-way contrast in labial stops and kinematic evidence for domain-initial strengthening in Korean

Cho

Son

Kim

2016

Journal of the International Phonetic Association

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“…This measure is based on the model in which the limbs (Cooke, 1980) and oral articulators (Ostry et al, 1984; Ostry et al, 1983; Ostry & Munhall, 1985; Perkell & Zandipour, 2002; Perkell, Zandipour, Matthies, & Lane, 2002; van Lieshout, Bose, Square, & Steele, 2007; Vatikiotis-Bateson & Kelso, 1993) are described as mass-spring systems. This model has been contested (Burdet, Osu, Franklin, Milner, & Kawato, 2001; Franklin et al, 2007; Fuchs, Perrier, Hartinger, 2011; Gomi & Honda, 2002), but without disputing or supporting the applicability of the mass-spring model, this measure can be used as an indicator of a musculoskeletal system’s mechanical state. Specifically, the slope of the linear regression of maximum velocity to movement amplitude has been very usefully and broadly applied as a kinematic index of mass-normalized stiffness.…”

Section: Potential Measures Of Muscle Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Estimates of Jaw Muscle Tension in Children With Suspected Hypertonia, Children With Suspected Hypotonia, and Matched Controls

Connaghan

Moore

2013

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose In this study, the authors compared indirect estimates of jaw-muscle tension in children with suspected muscle-tone abnormalities with age- and gender-matched controls. Method Jaw movement and muscle activation were measured in children (ages 3 years, 11 months, to 10 years) with suspected muscle-tone abnormalities (Down syndrome or spastic cerebral palsy; n = 10) and controls (n = 11). Two measures were used to infer jaw tension: a kinematic index of mass-normalized stiffness and electromechanical delay (EMD). The kinematic index used video-based kinematics to obtain the slope of the peak velocity-displacement relationship. The EMD was derived from the interval between the onset of suprahyoid muscle activity and the onset of jaw depression. Results Neither measure differentiated the groups. The kinematic index revealed differences between stressed and unstressed syllables in 3-syllable productions by the participants with cerebral palsy and controls, but not in 2-syllable productions by the participants with Down syndrome and controls. Conclusion This preliminary investigation included the novel application of 2 measures to infer the jaw-muscle tension of children with suspected tone abnormalities. Although the results do not support the hypothesis that suspected muscle-tone abnormalities affect jaw movement sufficiently to influence speech production, considerations for interpreting the findings include methodological limitations and possible compensatory muscle coactivation.

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“…Third, our analyses did not take into account any potential influence of the orofacial system's biomechanics. We acknowledge that even within a single movement the role of biomechanical factors does not remain constant (Fuchs et al, 2011). Nevertheless, we believe that it is unlikely that factors such as muscle properties and interaction torques, rather than central planning and correction processes, can explain the overall results of this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating feedforward vs. feedback control of speech production through kinematic analyses of unperturbed articulatory movements

Kim

Max

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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To estimate the contributions of feedforward vs. feedback control systems in speech articulation, we analyzed the correspondence between initial and final kinematics in unperturbed tongue and jaw movements for consonant-vowel (CV) and vowel-consonant (VC) syllables. If movement extents and endpoints are highly predictable from early kinematic information, then the movements were most likely completed without substantial online corrections (feedforward control); if the correspondence between early kinematics and final amplitude or position is low, online adjustments may have altered the planned trajectory (feedback control) (Messier and Kalaska, 1999). Five adult speakers produced CV and VC syllables with high, mid, or low vowels while movements of the tongue and jaw were tracked electromagnetically. The correspondence between the kinematic parameters peak acceleration or peak velocity and movement extent as well as between the articulators' spatial coordinates at those kinematic landmarks and movement endpoint was examined both for movements across different target distances (i.e., across vowel height) and within target distances (i.e., within vowel height). Taken together, results suggest that jaw and tongue movements for these CV and VC syllables are mostly under feedforward control but with feedback-based contributions. One type of feedback-driven compensatory adjustment appears to regulate movement duration based on variation in peak acceleration. Results from a statistical model based on multiple regression are presented to illustrate how the relative strength of these feedback contributions can be estimated.

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A Critical Evaluation of Gestural Stiffness Estimations in Speech Production Based on a Linear Second-Order Model

Abstract: Any conclusions about speech control based on stiffness estimations using linear second-order models should therefore be considered with caution.

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Articulatory reflexes of the three-way contrast in labial stops and kinematic evidence for domain-initial strengthening in Korean

Articulatory reflexes of the three-way contrast in labial stops and kinematic evidence for domain-initial strengthening in Korean

Indirect Estimates of Jaw Muscle Tension in Children With Suspected Hypertonia, Children With Suspected Hypotonia, and Matched Controls

Estimating feedforward vs. feedback control of speech production through kinematic analyses of unperturbed articulatory movements

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