A cortical network model of cognitive and emotional influences in human decision making

Nazir, Azadeh Hassannejad; Liljenström, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2015.07.004

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Structural integrity deficits and functional disturbances in these brain regions disrupt normal cognitive processing and emotional regulation, which subsequently influences the decision-making network and influences the vulnerability to suicidal behavior. (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) In the current pilot study, we found that increases in the GMVs of the frontal cortex and thalamus and decreases of the functional connectivity from the frontal cortex to the whole brain were associated with the elimination of suicide attempts. Our findings suggest that structural and functional normalizations in these suicide-attempt related brain regions can reduce suicide attempts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Potential Mechanism For the Elimination of Suicide Attempts by Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy in Drug-naive Patients with Suicidal Depressive Episode: A Pilot Study Report

2016

J Psychiatry Brain Sci.

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Background: Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) can rapidly eliminate suicide attempts in patients with suicidal depression. However, no study has investigated the neural mechanisms by which MECT eliminates suicide attempts. Currently, we conducted a study to explore the potential mechanisms by which MECT eliminates suicide attempts in patients with suicidal depressive episodes. Methods: Four drug-naive patients with suicidal depressive episode underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning before and after MECT treatment. The voxelbased morphometry (VBM) and functional connectivity density mapping(FCDM) methods were used to analyze the imaging data. The gray matter volume (GMV) and resting-state global functional connectivity density (rs-gFCD) were used to evaluate the structural and functional alterations, respectively, that occurred subsequent to MECT. Results: The VBM analysis revealed that MECT induced a GMV increase that was primarily localized to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral thalamus. The FCDM analysis revealed that MECT induced an rs-gFCD decrease that was mainly localized in the left medial superior frontal gyrus and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex. No overlap existed between brain regions that exhibited structural and functional alterations. Conclusion: The structural and functional alterations subsequent to MECT were mainly located in the brain regions that are related to the suicide attempts in suicidal depressive patients. The brain regions that exhibited structural alterations did not overlap with those that exhibited MECT and Brain Alterations JPBS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Potential Mechanism For the Elimination of Suicide Attempts by Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy in Drug-naive Patients with Suicidal Depressive Episode: A Pilot Study Report

2016

J Psychiatry Brain Sci.

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“…A possible "site" in the processing, where free will might be executed is indicated. (Modified from Hassannejad Nazir and Liljenström 2015) the result of interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neural populations. The network activity can be envisioned as local field potentials (LFP) or electroencephalogram (EEG) readouts.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each unit in our model represents a group of neurons firing in synchrony. The oscillatory network behavior is a result of the interaction between excitatory and inhibitory neural groups, as described in more detail in Hassannejad Nazir and Liljenström 2015). The network structure allows for a complex neurodynamics, in particular oscillations with varying amplitudes and frequencies.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consciousness, decision making, and volition: freedom beyond chance and necessity

Liljenström¹

2021

Theory Biosci.

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What is the role of consciousness in volition and decision-making? Are our actions fully determined by brain activity preceding our decisions to act, or can consciousness instead affect the brain activity leading to action? This has been much debated in philosophy, but also in science since the famous experiments by Libet in the 1980s, where the current most common interpretation is that conscious free will is an illusion. It seems that the brain knows, up to several seconds in advance what “you” decide to do. These studies have, however, been criticized, and alternative interpretations of the experiments can be given, some of which are discussed in this paper. In an attempt to elucidate the processes involved in decision-making (DM), as an essential part of volition, we have developed a computational model of relevant brain structures and their neurodynamics. While DM is a complex process, we have particularly focused on the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) for its emotional, and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) for its cognitive aspects. In this paper, we present a stochastic population model representing the neural information processing of DM. Simulation results seem to confirm the notion that if decisions have to be made fast, emotional processes and aspects dominate, while rational processes are more time consuming and may result in a delayed decision. Finally, some limitations of current science and computational modeling will be discussed, hinting at a future development of science, where consciousness and free will may add to chance and necessity as explanation for what happens in the world.

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“…The idea of perceptions in this study is that perception is a process used to assess and interpret the meanings of various kinds of data around us, after we are internally and externally stimulated and have interpreted it in the form of an idea, knowledge, understanding and action. Nazir and Liljenström [6] explain that news is the main factor used for human decision-making. Information will be more needed when people want to use it for making a decision, or when they are not sure about something; however, if they don't receive all the information, but rather choose to receive some information that they think is useful for them.…”

Section: Theories Of Perceptions and Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Smart Farmers’ Perceptions Towards the Asean Economic Community

Lin

Yotimart

Anupong

et al. 2018

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is a major milestone for Southeast Asia. This establishment offers enormous opportunities, in terms of regional labour markets and economic integration of a market with a large value of about US$2.6 trillion and over 622 million people. This research aims to study the characteristics of the "smart farmers" in the upper northern provinces of Thailand and to analyse their perceptions towards the AEC. The study's primary data were randomly collected from 400 questionnaires given out in nine provinces. The main research method was the logit model with maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) that was theoretically applied. The results revealed that most responders were male (89%), 51-60 years old (62%), with a Grade 4 elementary school level (58%). The percentage of the sample who owned less than ten rai (approximately 40 acres) and earned 100,001-250,000 Thai baht as income per year was 46% and 30%, respectively. The study found that the factors of their participation in seminars about agriculture and their knowledge enquiry had influenced their perceptions and awareness of the AEC (with a 95% reliability score). Furthermore, their follow-up of marketing news was positively related to the potential of their perceptions and awareness of the AEC (with a 99% reliability score). The forecasting accuracy formula was more accurate than 88%. This research suggested that knowledge about the AEC should be distributed, especially to the agricultural village leaders and farmers, through the media of wire broadcasting and knowledge-sharing meetings in each village. Moreover, development of innovations to help enhance their knowledge about the AEC should be increased.

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A cortical network model of cognitive and emotional influences in human decision making

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Potential Mechanism For the Elimination of Suicide Attempts by Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy in Drug-naive Patients with Suicidal Depressive Episode: A Pilot Study Report

Potential Mechanism For the Elimination of Suicide Attempts by Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy in Drug-naive Patients with Suicidal Depressive Episode: A Pilot Study Report

Consciousness, decision making, and volition: freedom beyond chance and necessity

An Analysis of Smart Farmers’ Perceptions Towards the Asean Economic Community

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