A core-shell SO4/Mg-Al-Fe3O4 catalyst for biodiesel production

Gardy, Jabbar; Nourafkan, Ehsan; Osatiashtiani, Amin; Lee, Adam F.; Wilson, Karen; Hassanpour, Ali; Lai, Xiaojun

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118093

Cited by 95 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The ferrites are classified based on their crystalline structure; (a) hexagonal (MFe 12 O 19 ), (b) garnet (M 3 Fe 5 O 12 ), and (c) spinel (MFe 2 O 4 ), where M generally represents one or more bivalent transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) (Bharti et al 2020 ; Punia et al 2020 ). A nanoscale catalyst with magnetic properties facilitates easier separation and recovery by applying an external magnetic field (Gardy et al 2019 ; Thakur et al 2020 ). This characteristic minimizes catalyst mass loss and increases the catalyst’s reusability compared to conventional separation techniques (Thakur et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Nanoferrites As Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanoferrites are ceramic powders exhibiting strong ferrimagnetic properties owing to iron oxides being their core component (Rana et al 2015 (Bharti et al 2020;Punia et al 2020). A nanoscale catalyst with magnetic properties facilitates easier separation and recovery by applying an external magnetic field (Gardy et al 2019;Thakur et al 2020). This characteristic minimizes catalyst mass loss and increases the catalyst's reusability compared to conventional separation techniques (Thakur et al 2012).…”

Section: Nanoferrites As Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from soybean and canola oil: a review

et al. 2021

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Fossil fuel depletion and pollution are calling for alternative, renewable energies such as biofuels. Actual challenges include the design of efficient processes and catalysts to convert various feedstocks into biofuels. Here, we review nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel from soybean and canola oil. For that, transesterification is the main synthesis route and offers simplicity, cost-effectiveness, better process control, and high conversion yield. Catalysis with nanoferrites and composites allow to obtain yields higher than 95% conversion with less than 5.0 wt.% of catalyst loading at 80 °C in 1–2 h. More than 90% conversion yields can be achieved with a moderate alcohol/oil molar ratio, i.e., between 12:1 to 16:1. Catalyst recovery is easy due to the magnetic properties of nanoferrite, which can be effectively reused up to 4 times with less than 10% loss of catalytic efficiency.

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Section: Nanoferrites As Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanoferrites As Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from soybean and canola oil: a review

et al. 2021

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“…Among the existing biofuels, biodiesel has emerged as one of the best options. Biodiesel is obtained through homogeneous or heterogeneous alkaline transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat with methanol, giving rise to a mixture of mono-alkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids (FAMEs) [8,9]. Over the past decade, biodiesel has been of interest by contributing to reduce energy dependence on fossil fuels and to minimize greenhouse-gas emissions from transportation [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive for Fossil Diesel/Vegetable Oil Blends: Evaluation of Performance and Emission Quality of Triple Blends on a Diesel Engine

et al. 2020

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The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of using diethyl ether (DEE) as an oxygenated additive of straight vegetable oils (SVOs) in triple blends with fossil diesel, to be used in current compression ignition (C.I.) engines, in order to implement the current process of replacing fossil fuels with others of a renewable nature. The use of DEE is considered taking into account the favorable properties for blending with SVO and fossil diesel, such as its very low kinematic viscosity, high oxygen content, low autoignition temperature, broad flammability limits (it works as a cold start aid for engines), and very low values of cloud and pour point. Therefore, DEE can be used as a solvent of vegetable oils to reduce the viscosity of the blends and to improve cold flow properties. Besides, DEE is considered renewable, since it can be easily obtained from bioethanol, which is produced from biomass through a dehydration process. The vegetable oils evaluated in the mixtures with DEE were castor oil, which is inedible, and sunflower oil, used as a standard reference for waste cooking oil. In order to meet European petrodiesel standard EN 590, a study of the more relevant rheological properties of biofuels obtained from the DEE/vegetable oil double blends has been performed. The incorporation of fossil diesel to these double blends gives rise to diesel/DEE/vegetable oil triple blends, which exhibited suitable rheological properties to be able to operate in conventional diesel engines. These blends have been tested in a conventional diesel engine, operating as an electricity generator. The efficiency, consumption and smoke emissions in the engine have been measured. The results reveal that a substitution of fossil diesel up to 40% by volume can be achieved, independently of the SVO employed. Moreover, a significant reduction in the emission levels of pollutants and better cold flow properties has been also obtained with all blends tested.

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“…Esterification of oleic acid to methyl oleate resulted in 88% yield after 150 min under the same reaction conditions. The magnetic solid acid catalyst exhibited good thermal and chemical stability and enabled facile catalyst separation post-reaction and the production of high-quality biodiesel [101].…”

Section: Magnetic Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production Using Solid Acid Catalysts Based on Metal Oxides

et al. 2020

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The development of solid acid catalysts, especially based on metal oxides and different magnetic nanoparticles, gained much awareness recently as a result of the development of different nano-based materials. Solid acid catalysts based on metal oxides are promising for the (trans)esterification reactions of different oils and waste materials for biodiesel production. This review gives a brief overview of recent developments in various solid acid catalysts based on different metal oxides, such as zirconia, zinc, titanium, iron, tungsten, and magnetic materials, where the catalysts are optimized for various reaction parameters, such as the amount of catalyst, molar ratio of oil to alcohol, reaction time, and temperature. Furthermore, yields and conversions for biodiesel production are compared. Such metal-oxide-based solid acid catalysts provide more sustainable, green, and easy-separation synthesis routes with high catalytic activity and reusability than traditionally used catalysts.

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A core-shell SO4/Mg-Al-Fe3O4 catalyst for biodiesel production

Cited by 95 publications

References 62 publications

Nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from soybean and canola oil: a review

Nanoferrites heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from soybean and canola oil: a review

Diethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive for Fossil Diesel/Vegetable Oil Blends: Evaluation of Performance and Emission Quality of Triple Blends on a Diesel Engine

Biodiesel Production Using Solid Acid Catalysts Based on Metal Oxides

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