A Coordinated Multi-study Analysis of the Longitudinal Association Between Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Zammit, Andrea R.; Piccinin, Andrea M.; Duggan, Emily C.; Koval, Andriy V.; Clouston, Sean; Robitaille, Annie; Brown, Cassandra L.; Handschuh, Philipp; Wu, Chenkai; Jarry, Valérie; Finkel, Deborah; Graham, Raquel; Muñiz‐Terrera, Graciela; Björk, Marcus Praetorius; Bennett, David A.; Deeg, Dorly J. H.; Johansson, Boo; Katz, Mindy J.; Kaye, Jeffrey; Lipton, Richard B.; Martin, Mike; Pederson, Nancy L.; Spiro, Avron; Zimprich, Daniel; Hofer, Scott M.

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbz072

Cited by 58 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Age-associated cognitive impairment, which is the loss of intellectual functions, such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and planning, with age, can have considerable negative effects on the forcegenerating capacity of skeletal muscles (6). These effects may be mediated by the negative influence of impaired cognition on neuromotor control.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These effects may be mediated by the negative influence of impaired cognition on neuromotor control. There is now substantial evidence to suggest an association among hand grip strength, gait speed, and cognition (6)(7)(8). For example, a recent meta-analysis including 9 longitudinal studies in older adults showed a positive correlation (overall r=0.55) between changes in hand grip strength and changes in cognitive function (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There is now substantial evidence to suggest an association among hand grip strength, gait speed, and cognition (6)(7)(8). For example, a recent meta-analysis including 9 longitudinal studies in older adults showed a positive correlation (overall r=0.55) between changes in hand grip strength and changes in cognitive function (6). Similarly, other longitudinal studies in older adults have shown that both low hand grip strength and slow gait speed at baseline predict future cognitive decline (9,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A "common cause" suggests the presence of an underlying mechanism that drives the association between physical and cognitive functions and the simultaneous presence of both impairments. The "common cause hypothesis" stems predominantly from the evidence for a strong correlation between age-related declines in both physical and cognitive functions reported in cross-sectional studies, and rarely from within-subject changes in longitudinal studies (6,11,17). In this regard, a common cause of the ageing process can operate at different physiological levels (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that prescribing exercise is important for healthy ageing, i.e. preservation of muscle mass/strength, physical and cognitive functioning, and independent living (6,22). Further longitudinal studies are necessary to better understand the role of central nervous system in age-related loss of muscle mass and function (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A "Neuromuscular Look" to sarcopenia: Is it a movement disorder?

Kara

Özçakar²,

Kaymak³

et al. 2020

J Rehabil Med

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Decline of physical function is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in sarcopenia and frailty. Physical function tests are performed to show the daily functional tasks. The central nervous system initiates, coordinates and controls muscle movements. Thus, the ability of a muscle to produce force by aging is determined not only by skeletal muscle, but also by neuromotor control systems. Therefore, treatments should contain targeting muscle mass and also neurocognitive functions. In this regard, an example of a rehabilitation program that influences both muscle and brain function is exercise. Accordingly, it is essential that prescribing lifelong exercise is important for healthy and independent aging including the preservation of muscle, physical and cognitive functions. Objective: Impairment of physical function is the main determinant of morbidity/mortality in sarcopenia and frailty. Physical function tests are performed by the movement around the joints, and skeletal muscles are the main generators of the forces required to perform these functional tasks. However, the central nervous system, which initiates and coordinates muscle movements, controls the magnitude and temporal parameters of muscle forces. Methods: Non-systematic literature review was performed about the effects of aging on neuromotor control. Result: The ability of a muscle to produce force by aging is deteriorated not only by muscle structural changes, but also by neuromotor control dysfunction. With aging, changes in muscle structure and loss of volumes in brain structures related with movement and cognition have been shown. Age-related cognitive impairment can have considerable negative effects on the force generating capacity of skeletal muscles. In this sense, the relationship has been found between hand grip strength, gait speed, and cognition. Conclusion: Treatments targeting muscle mass only would be insufficient unless we address the impairment of neurocognitive functions. It is essential that prescribing lifelong exercise is important for heal thy aging including the preservation of muscle mass/strength, physical and cognitive functioning, and independent living.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A "Neuromuscular Look" to sarcopenia: Is it a movement disorder?

Kara

Özçakar²,

Kaymak³

et al. 2020

J Rehabil Med

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Associations Between Handgrip Strength and Dementia Risk, Cognition, and Neuroimaging Outcomes in the UK Biobank Cohort Study

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCEThe associations between muscle strength and cognitive outcomes have sparked interest in interventions that increase muscle strength for prevention of dementia, but the associations between muscle strength and cognitive aging are unclear, particularly among middleaged adults. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and dementia, reduced cognition, and poorer neuroimaging outcomes in a UK population of middle-aged adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study evaluated UK Biobank participants aged 39 to 73 years enrolled from 2006 to 2010 with measured HGS and prospectively followed up for dementia diagnosis. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to April 2022. EXPOSURES HGS assessed in both hands via dynamometer. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESOutcomes included cognitive test scores (fluid intelligence and prospective memory), brain magnetic resonance imaging measures (total brain volume, white matter hyperintensity, and hippocampal volume), and incident dementia (all-cause, vascular, and Alzheimer disease [AD] from primary care, hospital, or death records) over a median (IQR) of 11.7 (11.0-12.4) years of follow-up. Mixed-effects linear and logistic regressions and Cox proportional-hazard models were used to estimate associations, stratified by gender and adjusted for covariates. Estimates are presented per 5-kg decrement in HGS. To evaluate reverse causation, we assessed whether a polygenic risk score for AD is associated with HGS.

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Deficits in rate of force production during multifinger tasks are associated with cognitive status

Carson

Holton

2022

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives The multifinger force deficit (MFFD) is the decline in force generated by an individual finger as the number of fingers contributing to the action is increased. It has been proposed that as a measure of neural sufficiency rather than muscle status, it provides a means of detecting individuals at risk of cognitive decline. Age‐related deficits in central neural drive exert a disproportionate impact on the rate at which force can be generated. We examined whether a MFFD derived from the maximum rate at which force is generated, is more sensitive to individual differences in cognitive status, than one calculated using the maximum level of force. Methods Monotonic associations between each of two variants of the MFFD, and cognition (measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment), were estimated cross sectionally using generalized partial rank correlations, in which age, level of education and degree of handedness were included as covariates. The participants (n=26) were community dwelling adults aged 66‐87. Results The MFFD derived using the maximum rate of force development was negatively associated with cognitive status. The association for the MFFD based on the maximum level of force, was not statistically reliable. The associations with cognitive status obtained for both variants of the MFFD were of greater magnitude than those reported previously for standard grip strength dynamometry. Conclusion The sensitivity with which the MFFD detects risk of cognitive decline may be enhanced by using the maximum rate of force developed by each finger, rather than the maximum force generated by each finger.

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A Coordinated Multi-study Analysis of the Longitudinal Association Between Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Cited by 58 publications

References 69 publications

A "Neuromuscular Look" to sarcopenia: Is it a movement disorder?

A "Neuromuscular Look" to sarcopenia: Is it a movement disorder?

Associations Between Handgrip Strength and Dementia Risk, Cognition, and Neuroimaging Outcomes in the UK Biobank Cohort Study

Deficits in rate of force production during multifinger tasks are associated with cognitive status

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