Associations Between Handgrip Strength and Dementia Risk, Cognition, and Neuroimaging Outcomes in the UK Biobank Cohort Study

Duchowny, Kate; Ackley, Sarah F; Brenowitz, Willa D.; Wang, Jingxuan; Zimmerman, Scott C; Caunca, Michelle R.; Glymour, M. Maria

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18314

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that decreases in gait speed and handgrip strength are correlated with WMHs. 9 , 10 Our study explored the correlation of cerebral WMHs with other indicators of sarcopenia, such as muscle mass and hand grip strength, and cerebral WMHs have also been shown to be associated with cognitive impairment. 11 , 12 Therefore, a series of causal relationships between sarcopenia, WMHs, and cognitive impairment remains to be negotiated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that decreased gait speed and handgrip strength are associated with cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). 9 , 10 A close association between cerebral WMHs and cognitive impairment has been reported in studies that also include meta-analyses. 11–13 The above results suggest that sarcopenia may be mediated through WMHs leading to cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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The Relationship Between Sarcopenia, Cognitive Impairment, and Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensity in the Elderly

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2023

CIA

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Purpose To explore the relationship between sarcopenia-related indices, cognitive impairment and cerebral white matter hyperintensities. Patients and methods Ninety-five hospitalized older adults aged 60 years and older were used in this study. Three sarcopenia-related indicators were measured: hand grip strength (Measured with a spring-type dynamometer), gait speed (6m step speed method), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM, bioelectrical impedance). Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Cognitive function was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Cerebral white matter hyperintensity was assessed using 3.0T superconducting magnetic resonance imaging. Results In both men and women, these three indices of sarcopenia were significantly and negatively correlated with WMH grades, except for appendicular skeletal muscle mass and WMH grades in women. Scores on the MoCA scale were significantly positive correlated with grip strength, and ASM, both in men and women. After adjusting for confounders and WMHs, regression analyses showed an increased incidence of cognitive impairment in patients with sarcopenia relative to those without sarcopenia. Conclusion Lower sarcopenia-related indices were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. WMHs may be one of the factors linking sarcopenia and cognitive function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Relationship Between Sarcopenia, Cognitive Impairment, and Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensity in the Elderly

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2023

CIA

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“…There is a large body of evidence linking muscular weakness, as determined by low grip strength, to a host of negative ageing‐related health outcomes including diabetes, 1 , 2 physical disability, 3 , 4 , 5 cognitive decline (including Alzheimer's disease 6 ) 7 , 8 and early all‐cause mortality. 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 Given these findings, grip strength has been labelled a ‘biomarker of aging’ 13 ; and yet, this crude metric provides no direct biological plausibility or mechanism linking weakness with chronic disease, physical and cognitive impairments or specific causes of mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grip strength is inversely associated with DNA methylation age acceleration

Peterson

Collins

Meier

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background There is a large body of evidence linking muscular weakness, as determined by low grip strength, to a host of negative ageing-related health outcomes. Given these links, grip strength has been labelled a 'biomarker of aging'; and yet, the pathways connecting grip strength to negative health consequences are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether grip strength was associated with measures of DNA methylation (DNAm) age acceleration. Methods Middle age and older adults from the 2006 to 2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study with 8-10 years of follow-up were included. Cross-sectional and longitudinal regression modelling was performed to examine the association between normalized grip strength (NGS) and three measures of DNAm age acceleration, adjusting for cell composition, sociodemographic variables and smoking. Longitudinal modelling was also completed to examine the association between change in absolute grip strength and DNAm age acceleration. The three DNAm clocks used for estimating age acceleration include the established DunedinPoAm, PhenoAge and GrimAge clocks. Results There was a robust and independent cross-sectional association between NGS and DNAm age acceleration for men using the DunedinPoAm (β: À0.36; P < 0.001), PhenoAge (β: À8.27; P = 0.01) and GrimAge (β: À4.56; P = 0.01) clocks and for women using the DunedinPoAm (β: À0.36; P < 0.001) and GrimAge (β: À4.46; P = 0.01) clocks. There was also an independent longitudinal association between baseline NGS and DNAm age acceleration for men (β: À0.26; P < 0.001) and women (β: À0.36; P < 0.001) using the DunedinPoAm clock and for women only using the PhenoAge (β: À8.20; P < 0.001) and GrimAge (β: À5.91; P < 0.001) clocks. Longitudinal modelling revealed a robust association between change in grip strength from wave 1 to wave 3 was independently associated with PhenoAgeAA (β: À0.13; 95% CI: À0.23, À0.03) and GrimAgeAA (β: À0.07; 95% CI: À0.14, À0.01) in men only (both P < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings provide some initial evidence of age acceleration among men and women with lower NGS and loss of strength over time. Future research is needed to understand the extent to which DNAm age mediates the association between grip strength and chronic disease, disability and mortality.

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“…Another measure of physical function is grip strength as it measures muscular strength and biological validity, and poorer grip strength has been reported to be associated with mortality, and other negative health outcomes [ 17 ]. Recently, some studies [ 14 , 17 – 19 ] reported that lower grip strength was associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia. However, from a physiological point of view, walking pace and grip strength may reflect different underlying physiological processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking pace, handgrip strength, age, APOE genotypes, and new-onset dementia: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

Zhou

et al. 2023

Alz Res Therapy

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Background The independent and additive associations of walking pace and grip strength on dementia risk and the potential modifying effects of age, APOE phenotypes, and other dementia risk factors on the walking pace and dementia relationships demand further clarification. We aimed to investigate the independent and additive relationships of walking pace and handgrip strength on the risk of new-onset dementia and examine the potentially modifying effects of age, APOE phenotypes, lifestyle factors, and family history of dementia in the relationships. Methods A total of 495,700 participants from the UK Biobank, who were free of dementia at baseline, were included in this study. Walking pace was self-defined as slow, average, or brisk. Handgrip strength was assessed by dynamometer and was divided into sex-specific quartiles. The APOE genotypes were determined by a combination variant of rs429358 and rs7412. Other dementia risk factors, including education, physical activity, hypertension, depression, diabetes, and family history of dementia, were also collected. The primary outcome was new-onset all-cause dementia. Results Over a median follow-up duration of 12.0 years, 3986 (0.8%) participants developed new-onset all-cause dementia. Compared with those with slow walking pace, participants with average (HR, 0.61; 95%CI: 0.55–0.68) or brisk (HR, 0.59; 95%CI: 0.52–0.67) walking pace had a significantly lower risk of new-onset all-cause dementia. Moreover, compared with those with both slow walking pace and lower handgrip strength (the first quartile), the lowest risk of new-onset all-cause dementia was observed in participants with both average or brisk walking pace and higher handgrip strength (the 2–4 quartiles) (HR, 0.45; 95%CI: 0.40–0.52). Notably, the negative relationship between walking pace and the risk of new-onset all-cause dementia was significantly reduced as APOE ε4 dosage increased (APOE ε4 dosages = 0 or 1: brisk vs. slow: HR, 0.55; 95%CI: 0.48–0.63; vs. APOE ε4 dosages = 2: brisk vs. slow: HR, 1.14; 95%CI: 0.77–1.68; P for interaction = 0.001) or age increased (< 58 [median]: brisk vs. slow: HR, 0.27; 95%CI: 0.18–0.41; vs. ≥ 58 years: brisk vs. slow: HR, 0.55; 95%CI: 0.48–0.63; P for interaction = 0.007). Conclusions Walking pace was inversely associated with new-onset dementia in the general population, especially in younger participants and those with lower APOE ε4 dosage. Participants with both faster walking pace and higher handgrip strength had the lowest risk of dementia, suggesting that maintaining both high handgrip strength and fast walking pace may be a more comprehensive strategy for preventing dementia risk.

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Associations Between Handgrip Strength and Dementia Risk, Cognition, and Neuroimaging Outcomes in the UK Biobank Cohort Study

Cited by 46 publications

References 49 publications

The Relationship Between Sarcopenia, Cognitive Impairment, and Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensity in the Elderly

The Relationship Between Sarcopenia, Cognitive Impairment, and Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensity in the Elderly

Grip strength is inversely associated with DNA methylation age acceleration

Walking pace, handgrip strength, age, APOE genotypes, and new-onset dementia: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

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