A controllable nanomechanical memory element

Abstract

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Nonlinear dynamic response of beam and its application in nanomechanical resonator

“…The fabrication of micro/nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) is made possible due to the advancing technologies and state-of-art in the fields of micro/nanometrescale processing and machining [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. As its characteristic frequency scales upwards with decreasing size [9], micro/nanometre-scale mechanical resonator/oscillator with high and ultrahigh characteristic frequency is suitable for those applications requiring both high responsivity and high frequency operation [10], such as charge detection [2], ultra-sensitive mass sensing [7,[12][13][14][15][16][17], signal processing/mixing [8] and possible quantum effect study on a macroscopic system [11].…”

Minimal energy control of a nanoelectromechanical memory element

“…The feasibility of the use of a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) as a memory element has been demonstrated in a number of experimental investigations [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . It has been suggested that in order to increase the frequency of operation, oscillatory states (cycles) should be used as the stationary states of memory elements, with consequential switching between two cycles.…”

“…The switching between the states is induced by an external control signal. Various strategies to control the switching have been discussed and experimentally validated 1,[4][5][6][7][8] . A complex dependence of switching on parameters of the control signal was observed by Unterreithmeier et al 4 .…”

“…We further consider two specific types of control signals, previously demonstrated experimentally 4,7 . These have limitations on their possible shapes and only three parameters can be included in the energy optimization task: amplitude, duration and phase related to the periodic driving signal.…”

“…It has been suggested that in order to increase the frequency of operation, oscillatory states (cycles) should be used as the stationary states of memory elements, with consequential switching between two cycles. An oscillatory state is achieved by applying an external harmonic driving force and by selecting the driving amplitude and frequency in the range of hysteresis, observed for nonlinear resonance 1,[4][5][6][7][8] . Such oscillatory states are principally different from the stationary states, i.e.…”