“…In addition to the monochromatic emitting characteristics of perovskites, as generally considered, their broadband-spectrum luminescence performance has also attracted the attention of researchers. As we proposed above, a single layer with broadband-light emission is considered to be an ideal strategy to achieve SEL–WLEDs, e.g., perovskite materials with the characteristics of self-trapped excitons (STEs) 26 , 28 , 29 , 84 , 86 . STEs are often generated in organic molecular crystals, condensed rare gases, and halide crystals owing to lattice distortion 88 , 89 .…”