A Continuum of Violence? Linking Sexual and Gender-based Violence during Conflict, Flight, and Encampment

Krause, Ulrike

doi:10.1093/rsq/hdv014

Cited by 74 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…7 Humanitarian emergencies also reduce the capacity of societies and institutions to meet the care needs of GBV survivors, and intensify the vulnerability of survivors to further victimisation. [7][8][9][10][11] GBV vulnerability is heightened owing to a collapse of cohesive family and community structures, and a lack of access to sexual and reproductive health services. 12 Camp settlements also inherently result in a loss of self-esteem due to a high dependency on external assistance (loss of autonomy), insecurity and cross-community conflict, and minimal realistic prospects for change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 The Dadaab refugee complex is one of the world's largest refugee settlements and was home to about 225,557 refugees as of April 2018. 9 Dadaab is located in the North-East of Kenya and was established in the 1990s to host Somalis fleeing the Somalia Civil War. Due to prolonged regional insecurity and conflict, drought, and famine, Dadaab continued to experience an influx of refugees from Somalia and other countries such as Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Eritrea, and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers and facilitators to care-seeking among survivors of gender-based violence in the Dadaab refugee complex

Muuo

Muthuri

Mutua

et al. 2020

Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters

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In humanitarian settings, timely access to care is essential for survivors of gender-based violence (GBV). Despite the existence of GBV support services, challenges still exist in maximising benefits for survivors. This study aimed to understand the characteristics of violence against women and explore barriers and facilitators to care-seeking for GBV by women in two camps within the Dadaab refugee complex in Kenya. A mixed-methods design was used to study women accessing comprehensive GBV services between February 2016 and February 2017. Women were recruited into a cohort study (n = 209) and some purposively selected for qualitative in-depth interviews (n = 34). Survivor characteristics were descriptively analysed from baseline measures, and interview data thematically assessed. A majority of women were Muslim, of Somali origin, had been residents in the camp for more than five years, with little or no formal education, and meagre or no monthly income. From the survey, 60.3% and 66.7% of women had experienced non-partner violence or intimate partner violence in their lifetime respectively. Facilitators to accessing GBV services by survivors included awareness of GBV services and self-perceived high severity of acts of violence. Barriers included stigma by family and the community, fear of further violence from perpetrators, feelings of helplessness and insecurity, and being denied entry to service provision premises by guards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and facilitators to care-seeking among survivors of gender-based violence in the Dadaab refugee complex

Muuo

Muthuri

Mutua

et al. 2020

Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters

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“…Girls have been abducted from schools by Boko Haram and married off in Nigeria, Yazidi women were enslaved, sold to IS fighters and routinely raped by their captors in Iraq (Jaff, 2018). This is different to women often being the inevitable victims of conflict and associated lawlessness, or even from conflicts where women were intentionally targeted for sexual violence as a way to demoralize an opponent (Krause, 2015). Here the targeting of women is part of the motivation of the conflict, and there is an ideological case made for depriving girls of schooling, as well as enslaving and raping non-believers (International Rescue Committee, 2017).…”

Section: Stagnation Regress and Backlashmentioning

confidence: 99%

From ‘MeToo’ to Boko Haram: A survey of levels and trends of gender inequality in the world

Klasen

2020

World Development

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“…It is not just about the physical surroundings of specific acts of violence, such as the home or the street, but the geopolitical locations of gendered forms of violence that allow this to occur in the first place. Krause (2015) proposes that the complexities of gender relations along the war-to-peace continuum demonstrate an array of vulnerabilities in relation to the continuation of the exercise of gendered forms of power. The continuum of violence is maintained as a result of three factors: gendered power structures, ineffective or insufficient law enforcement, and traumatic events (Krause 2015, 16).…”

Section: A Structural Dimension In the Continuum Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…If, as Krause (2015) suggests, power relations are central to understanding postconflict gender-based violence, then a thorough understanding of the reconfiguration of power along the war-to-peace continuum is needed. From a political economy perspective, war is a social phenomenon that augments material inequalities, and is folded into the "underside" of neoliberal globalization processes (Jung 2003;Cockayne 2010).…”

Section: A Political Economy Of War and Its Aftermathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drawing on the continuum: a war and post-war political economy of gender-based violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Kostovicova

Bojičić-Dželilović

Henry

2020

International Feminist Journal of Politics

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Current understandings of why and how gender-based violence continues beyond the end of conflict remain siloed along theoretical and disciplinary lines. Recent scholarship has addressed the neglected structural dimension when examining the incidence and variation of post-conflict gender-based violence. In particular, continuum of violence and feminist political economy perspectives have offered accounts of gender-based violence during and after conflict. However, these approaches overlook how war and postwar economic processes interact over time and co-constitute the material basis for the continuation of gender-based violence. The war and postwar political economy perspective that we leverage examines critically the distinction, both in theory and practice, between global and local dynamics, and between formal and informal actors in post-conflict societies. Exposing these neglected structural and historical interconnections with evidence from post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina, we demonstrate that the material basis of genderbased violence is a cumulative result of political and socioeconomic dynamics along the war-to-peace trajectory. Our findings point to the need to be attentive to the enduring material consequences of interests and incentives formed through war, and to the impact of postwar global governance ideologies that transform local conditions conducive to genderbased violence.

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A Continuum of Violence? Linking Sexual and Gender-based Violence during Conflict, Flight, and Encampment

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Barriers and facilitators to care-seeking among survivors of gender-based violence in the Dadaab refugee complex

Barriers and facilitators to care-seeking among survivors of gender-based violence in the Dadaab refugee complex

From ‘MeToo’ to Boko Haram: A survey of levels and trends of gender inequality in the world

Drawing on the continuum: a war and post-war political economy of gender-based violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina

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