From ‘MeToo’ to Boko Haram: A survey of levels and trends of gender inequality in the world

Abstract

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Heading towards an unsustainable world: some of the implications of not achieving the SDGs

“…Lack of investments on lifelong learning and illiterate adults would compromise future opportunities and awareness of the need for behaviour change to more sustainable lifestyles [ 41 ] Not achieving gender equality would have two main types of consequences: one related to economic issues and other even more worrying, concerning social and physical violence. The former includes unpaid work, denied decision-making positions to women and disproportional salary, among others [ 42 , 43 ]; the latter refers to millions suffering from forced marriage or physical/sexual violence [ 44 ] Hundreds of millions would still remain without basic drinking water services and practising open defecation [ 34 ]. Clean water and proper sanitation would be unattainable for billions Due to the consequences of not reaching other SDGs as well (including increased infrastructure demand and climate consequences) people could be displaced and experience water stress.…”

An appreciation of Professor Stephan Klasen and his contribution to development economics

“…Stephan's decades of research and deep knowledge on the many facets of gender gaps, gender inequality, and gender bias are well captured in his most recent literature survey, “From ‘MeToo’ to Boko Haram: A Survey of Levels and Trends of Gender Inequality in the World” (Klasen, 2020a). In it, he shows that while there has been much progress, gender equality has unexpectedly stagnated since around 2000 and, in many regions of the world, has started to regress.…”

“…Luckily for us, Stephan himself spent the last years of his life authoring no fewer than six overview articles: “Gender, Institutions and Economic Development”; “From ‘MeToo’ to Boko Haram: A Survey of Levels and Trends of Gender Inequality in the World”; “What Explains Uneven Female Labor Force Participation Levels and Trends in Developing Countries?”; “The Impact of Gender Inequality on Economic Performance in Developing Countries”; “Measuring Poverty: An Introduction”; and “Inequality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions” (Klasen, 2018b, 2018c, 2018e, 2019b, 2020a, 2020b). Here, we only broadly discuss his work on three areas in which he made significant contributions: the economics of gender inequality, the measurement of poverty and human deprivation, and the economics and politics of climate change (Section 3).…”

Women's Legal Rights and Gender Gaps in Property Ownership in Developing Countries

“…9 This is consistent with the observation that, across Africa, the legal and economic rights of women are not strongly linked to income (Hallward-Driemeier and Hasan 2013). It suggests that economic growth in isolation may not necessarily reduce gender inequalities (Klasen 2020).…”