A Continuous-Flow Polymerase Chain Reaction Microchip With Regional Velocity Control

Li, Shifeng; Fozdar, David Y.; Ali, Mehnaaz F.; Li, Hao; Shao, Dongbing; Vykoukal, Daynene; Vykoukal, Jody; Floriano, Pierre N.; Olsen, Michael G.; McDevitt, John T.; Gascoyne, Peter R. C.; Chen, Shaochen

doi:10.1109/jmems.2005.859083

Cited by 62 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…So, the effect on the temperature distribution due to convective heat transfer inside the microchannel is assumed to be negligible when the flow rate of the sample in the microchannel is less than 5 ll/min. Because of the information found in prior literature, 2,5,8,12,14,15,[26][27][28][29][30][31] in order to make sure that the DNA amplification process is successful, the Re of the sample flow inside the microchannel was chosen to be less than 1. In our simulated results, the uniformity of the chip temperature at a specific reaction region is assured when the flow rate of the sample in the microchannel is less than 5 ll/min or the Re of the sample flow is less than 1.…”

Section: Design Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-heater flow-through polymerase chain reaction device by heat pipes cooling

Chen

Liao

et al. 2015

Biomicrofluidics

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This study describes a novel microfluidic reactor capable of flow-through polymerase chain reactions (PCR). For one-heater PCR devices in previous studies, comprehensive simulations and experiments for the chip geometry and the heater arrangement were usually needed before the fabrication of the device. In order to improve the flexibility of the one-heater PCR device, two heat pipes with one fan are used to create the requisite temperature regions in our device. With the integration of one heater onto the chip, the high temperature required for the denaturation stage can be generated at the chip center. By arranging the heat pipes on the opposite sides of the chip, the low temperature needed for the annealing stage is easy to regulate. Numerical calculations and thermal measurements have shown that the temperature distribution in the five-temperature-region PCR chip would be suitable for DNA amplification. In order to ensure temperature uniformity at specific reaction regions, the Re of the sample flow is less than 1. When the microchannel width increases and then decreases gradually between the denaturation and annealing regions, the extension region located in the enlarged part of the channel can be observed numerically and experimentally. From the simulations, the residence time at the extension region with the enlarged channel is 4.25 times longer than that without an enlarged channel at a flow rate of 2 ll/min. The treated surfaces of the flow-through microchannel are characterized using the water contact angle, while the effects of the hydrophilicity of the treated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels on PCR efficiency are determined using gel electrophoresis. By increasing the hydrophilicity of the channel surface after immersing the PDMS substrates into Tween 20 (20%) or BSA (1 mg/ml) solutions, efficient amplifications of DNA segments were proved to occur in our chip device. To our knowledge, our group is the first to introduce heat pipes into the cooling module that has been designed for a PCR device. The unique architecture utilized in this flow-through PCR device is well applied to a low-cost PCR system. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Section: Design Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The varying widths of the channel significantly reduced the transitional periods. 15 Cao et al demonstrated three thermoplastic PCR devices with different channel dimensions which resulted in changes in the residence times. Residence time is defined as the average amount of time that a sample spends in a particular reaction region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-heater flow-through polymerase chain reaction device by heat pipes cooling

Chen

Liao

et al. 2015

Biomicrofluidics

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“…10,[14][15][16] In the oscillating flow PCR system the temperatures in the denaturing, annealing, and extension zones were kept constant over time while the sample was moving through these individual zones ͑Fig. 1͒.…”

Section: A Chip Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplification of SPPS150 and Salmonella typhi DNA with a high throughput oscillating flow polymerase chain reaction device

Sugumar

Ravichandran

Ismail³

et al. 2010

Biomicrofluidics

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In this paper, a novel oscillating flow polymerase chain reaction ͑PCR͒ device was designed and fabricated to amplify SPPS150 and salmonella typhi. In this new design, the samples are shuttled ͑oscillating flow͒ inside a microfluidic chip to three different temperature zones required for DNA amplification. The amplification cycle time has markedly been reduced as the reagent volume used was only about 25% of that used in conventional PCRs. Bubble formation and adsorption issues commonly associated to chip based PCR were also eliminated. Based on the performance evaluated, it is demonstrated that this oscillating flow PCR has the advantages of both the stationary chamber and continuous flow PCR devices.

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“…A two-dimensional thermal model was used for the optimization of the location of the heater. Li et al [13] presented a CFPCR microchip with a serpentine channel of varying width. The optimized spacings between the heaters were determined by utilizing FEA and a semi-analytical heat transfer model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Thermal Performance in a Bidirectional Thermocycler by Including Thermal Contact Characteristics

Chen

et al. 2014

Micromachines

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This paper illustrates an application of a technique for predicting the thermal characteristics of a bidirectional thermocycling device for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The micromilling chamber is oscillated by a servo motor and contacted with different isothermal heating blocks to successfully amplify the DNA templates. Because a comprehensive database of contact resistance factors does not exist, it causes researchers to not take thermal contact resistance into consideration at all. We are motivated to accurately determine the thermal characteristics of the reaction chamber with thermal contact effects existing between the heater surface and the chamber surface. Numerical results show that the thermal contact effects between the heating blocks and the reaction chamber dominate the temperature variations and the ramping rates inside the PCR chamber. However, the influences of various temperatures of the ambient conditions on the sample temperature during three PCR steps can be negligible. The experimental temperature profiles are compared well with the numerical simulations by considering the thermal contact conductance coefficient which is empirical by the experimental fitting. To take thermal contact conductance coefficients into consideration in the thermal simulation is recommended to predict a reasonable temperature profile of the reaction chamber during various thermal cycling processes. Finally, the PCR experiments present that Hygromycin B DNA templates are amplified successfully. Furthermore, our group is the first group to OPEN ACCESS Micromachines 2014, 5 1446 introduce the thermal contact effect into theoretical study that has been applied to the design of a PCR device, and to perform the PCR process in a bidirectional thermocycler.

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A Continuous-Flow Polymerase Chain Reaction Microchip With Regional Velocity Control

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

One-heater flow-through polymerase chain reaction device by heat pipes cooling

One-heater flow-through polymerase chain reaction device by heat pipes cooling

Amplification of SPPS150 and Salmonella typhi DNA with a high throughput oscillating flow polymerase chain reaction device

Analysis of Thermal Performance in a Bidirectional Thermocycler by Including Thermal Contact Characteristics

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