A consistent method for quantitative XPS peak analysis of thin oxide films on clean polycrystalline iron surfaces

Lin, Tzong‐Tzeng; Seshadri, G.; Kelber, Jeffry A.

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(97)00167-0

Cited by 298 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…2B and Fig.S6). 34 The Raman spectra (Fig.S7) further confirmed the structure of asprepared LDH ultrathin nanosheets. The band at ∼445 cm −1 is assigned to the Ni-O stretching in α-Ni(OH) 2 (in the range of 445-465 cm −1 ).…”

Section: Fig 1 (As Well Asmentioning

confidence: 52%

Ni Nanoparticles Decorated NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide as Bifunctional Electrochemical Catalyst

Gao

Long

Han

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Reducing overpotential and increasing current density remain a great challenge for promoting the application of transition metalsbased layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Herein, Ni nanoparticles (∼10 nm) decorated NiFe LDH ultrathin (thickness: ∼2 nm) nanosheets (Ni NP/NiFe LDH) were successfully synthesized which exhibited advanced electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability on both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR). The onset potentials for OER and UOR are 1.50 V and 1.34 V, respectively, both are lower than NiFe LDH under the same conditions. Moreover, the peak current density of UOR was 300 mA/cm 2 , which is much larger than reported precious-metal free UOR catalysts. The excellent catalytic performance of Ni NP/NiFe LDH composite for OER and UOR is proposed to result from the abundant exposed active sites, small charge transfer resistance, and the synergistic effects between NiFe LDH and anchored Ni nanoparticles. This work provides inspiring ideas and helpful guidelines in design of low-cost but highly efficient electrochemical catalysts. The global energy crisis and environmental contamination have prompted intense research into the development of sustainable energy conversion and storage systems.1-10 Water splitting and direct urea fuel cell (DUFC) as promising approaches to produce clean energy recyclable, have been widely investigated recently. Nevertheless, oxygen evolution reaction (OER: 2H 2 O === O 2 + 4H + + 4e − ) suffers from a sluggish kinetics owing to a 4e-transfer process, which is frequently an obstacle to the whole water splitting. Same as OER, urea oxidation reaction (UOR: CO(NH 2 ) 2 + H 2 O === N 2 + 3H 2 + CO 2 ) is also under a multistep proton-coupled electron transfer process, which remains to be a great challenge for DUFC. As a consequence, the sluggish kinetics of OER and UOR lead to considerable overpotential and decrease the efficiency of energy conversion and storage. To achieve efficient energy conversion, much effort has been devoted to the research for robust yet stable electrochemical catalysts with reduced overpotentials. Precious metal based catalysts have shown significant electrocatalytic properties, 11-13 but their high cost and scarcity hamper the commercialization of the technique. Therefore, developing functional nanomaterials composed of cost-effective and abundant elements are on great demand.Owing to the unique physicochemical properties (e.g. tunable metal species/ratios, and exchangeable interlayer spacings, etc.), layered double hydroxides (LDHs) [23][24][25][26][27] and among which, NiFe LDH showed the best performance.28 Nevertheless, reducing the overpotential and increasing the current density remain under intensive pursuit for promoting the application of NiFe LDH. For example, the introduction of conductive materials (graphene, carbon nanotube, etc.) into LDH systems can improve the conductivity of the catalysts 21,22 and hence further enhance their catalytic performance. Herein, we report a bifunctional catalyst ...

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Section: Fig 1 (As Well Asmentioning

confidence: 52%

Ni Nanoparticles Decorated NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide as Bifunctional Electrochemical Catalyst

Gao

Long

Han

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The O 1s peak of the CNF material has a maximum at about 533 eV, which can be related to water absorption [40]. The functionalized CNF spectrum was deconvoluted in two peaks, at 533 eV and at 531.2 eV, which corresponds to OH hydroxyl group [41]. The spectrum of CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 was deconvoluted in three peaks, the water related and hydroxyl group peaks and one additional peak resulting from oxygen in iron oxide at 530.1 eV [42][43][44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

Silva

Salas

Nedev

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Carbon nanohybrid material (CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 ) was obtained via a modified sol-gel technique consisting of two steps: functionalization of carbon nanofibers (CNF) in H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 followed by synthesis using Fe(NO 3 ) 3 •9H 2 O. As a result, the iron content of the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 was increased by more than twice from about 40% to about 87% mass percent, compared to the pristine CNF and oxidized CNF specimens, as proved by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibited "cumulus" on the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 specimen surface, which showed the highest iron mass percentage, proved by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed attachment of -Fe 2 O 3 cumulus to the inner and outer surfaces of the CNF walls after synthesis. The characteristic peaks of Fe 2p 3/2 and Fe 2p 1/2 appeared in the XPS spectra obtained on CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 . In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated formation of -Fe 2 O 3 during the synthesis process. The Raman spectrum of the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 sample displays peaks with positions close to characteristic peaks of highly crystalline and monodisperse maghemite nanocrystallites. The synthesis of CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 leads to an increase in the hydrophilicity of CNF and magnetic properties at room temperature.

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“…Also listed in Table I [41]. However, the XPS contributions from Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ cannot easily be separated [42,43]. Broadband FMR measurements of EuIG/GGG (111) with thicknesses of 26 and 56 nm were carried out at frequencies of f = 3−6 GHz in fields up to 4.5 kOe to determine the resonance frequency H res and the linewidth H. H res values were averaged for two perpendicular in-plane directions of H. The Gilbert damping parameter α was obtained from the slope of H vs f .…”

Section: To (Hkl)] Is Given Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetism and spin transport in rare-earth-rich epitaxial terbium and europium iron garnet films

Rosenberg

Beran

Avci

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. Materials

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A consistent method for quantitative XPS peak analysis of thin oxide films on clean polycrystalline iron surfaces

Cited by 298 publications

References 33 publications

Ni Nanoparticles Decorated NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide as Bifunctional Electrochemical Catalyst

Ni Nanoparticles Decorated NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide as Bifunctional Electrochemical Catalyst

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

Magnetism and spin transport in rare-earth-rich epitaxial terbium and europium iron garnet films

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