A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire towards prevention of Respiratory tract infections during Hajj and Umrah

Abstract

Background Respiratory tract infections are one of the common infection associated with Hajj pilgrimage that is of great public health and global concern. This study is aimed at determining the factor structure of the knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire for the prevention of respiratory tract infections during Hajj by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was conducted on Malaysian Umrah pilgrims during the weekly Umrah orientation course. A total of 200 Umrah pilgrims participated in the study. The KAP questionnaire was distributed to pilgrims at the beginning of the orientation and retrieved immediately at the end of the orientation. The robust maximum likelihood was used for the estimation due to the multivariate normality assumption violation. A two-factor model was tested for measurement model validity and construct validity for each of the attitude and practice domains. Results CFA of a 25-item in total, two-factor model yielded adequate goodness-of-fit values. The measurement model also showed a good convergent and discriminant validity after model re-specification. A two-factor model was tested for measurement model validity and construct validity for each of the attitude and practice domains. Conclusion The KAP questionnaire was proven to have a valid measurement model and reliable constructs. It was deemed suitable for use to measure the KAP of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims towards the prevention of respiratory tract infections.

Impact of a Smartphone-Based Health Education Intervention in Reducing the Incidence of influenza-like illnesses (ILI) During Hajj

“…A quasi-experimental study design was employed to assess the impact of the smartphone-based health education intervention on the reduction of the incidence of ILI. The incidence, duration of symptoms and the episodes of ILI were assessed using a validated self-administrated questionnaire [18] administered in July 2019 and September 2019 as a preintervention survey and a postintervention survey respectively.…”