“…The existing engineering design literature is primarily focused on how technologies, for example, in the form of working principles can be used in a new product (Pahl, Beitz, Feldhusen, & Grote, 2007). Furthermore, the literature deals with how technologies can be integrated into the architecture of an existing product (Smaling & de Weck, 2007;Suh, Furst, Mihalyov, & de Weck, 2010), the maturity of technologies (Fragola, Morse, Putney, & Diapice, 2010;Mankins, 1995;Sauser, Verma, Ramirez-Marquez, & Gove, 2006), and predicting the future performance of technologies in order to identify promising system architectures (Knoll, Golkar, & de Weck, 2018). No specific distinction between types of technologies is presented, except for its maturity (Technology Readiness Levels) and whether or not fundamentally different working principles are used (creative design vs. routine design).…”