A Conceptual Model for the Recruitment of Diverse Women into Research Studies

Brown, Beth A.; Long, Heather L.; Gould, Heather; Weitz, Tracy A.; Milliken, Nancy

doi:10.1089/15246090050118152

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This was achieved through the implementation of strategies that have previously proven effective in retaining women in similar research studies. 10, 11 We believe that a personalized approach to our participants was an important factor. We gave our participants individual attention, timely provision of feedback, and flexible appointment arrangements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Age-Related Changes Relevant to Health in Women: Design, Recruitment, and Retention Strategies for the Longitudinal Assessment of Women (LAW) Study

Khoo

O’Neill

Travers

et al. 2008

Journal of Women's Health

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Objectives:The primary aim was to assess the age-related changes that occur in older women. This paper describes the study rationale and methods, recruitment, and retention strategies.Methods: The Longitudinal Assessment of Women (LAW) Study was a longitudinal, observational, and multidisciplinary evaluation of a population-based cohort of urban-living women, aged between 40 and 80 years at recruitment and randomly invited from a district in Brisbane (a city in Australia) via the electoral roll. Five hundred eleven women were recruited and stratified into four age groups (40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 years) and were assessed on three or four occasions each year, using interviews and diagnostic instruments (echocardiography, applination tonometry, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DEXA]) Retention strategies included flexibility, accessibility, personalized attention, and feedback.Results: From a sample frame of 1598 names, there were 1082 respondents, of whom 511 (47%) were successfully recruited from those eligible to participate. Recruitment was quickest for the oldest age group, 70-79 years, and slowest for the age group 40-49 years; all age groups achieved their required quota. A scheduling program was developed to minimize the number of visits and maximize the use of allocated time. The largest dropout was seen in year 1 of the study, with very few thereafter. Of the 9 deaths, cancer was the cause in 7. The retention rate after 5 years was 95.5%.Conclusions: The design of the present study, with careful attention to coordination and a personal approach, facilitated the completion of a 5-year study, enabling a collection of a set of wide-ranging data from almost all the women recruited. The information thus collected will form the basis of cross-linking analysis of the risk factors associated with health problems in aging women. 135

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Age-Related Changes Relevant to Health in Women: Design, Recruitment, and Retention Strategies for the Longitudinal Assessment of Women (LAW) Study

Khoo

O’Neill

Travers

et al. 2008

Journal of Women's Health

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“…Nonparticipation of marginalized groups may result from a variety of factors, such as economic constraints, social pressure, preconceived negative expectations, lack of trust, or other obstacles (B. Brown, Long, Gould, Weitz, & Milliken, 2000). A group's analysis of costs and benefits suffers if deliberation lacks diversity and reflects only or primarily the perspectives of culturally dominant group members (Streich, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Deliberation and Diversity: Perceptions of Small Group Discussions by Race and Ethnicity

Abdel-Monem

Bingham

Marincic

et al. 2010

Small Group Research

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One of the challenges facing public deliberation scholars and practitioners is to identify deliberative processes that address inequities in interaction and foster active participation among all members of ethnically or racially diverse groups. This study draws from cocultural communication theory and uses mixed methodology to examine the experiences of citizens assigned to racially/ ethnically diverse small groups who participated in “By the People: Dialogues in Democracy”—a national/local initiative and public deliberation event. One hundred participants in a local deliberation in Omaha, Nebraska, completed a postevent questionnaire and 20 participants were subsequently interviewed. Data were analyzed to compare the perceptions of White participants and participants of color (African American, Hispanic, Native American, Asian American). Analysis of variance indicated that participants of color perceived greater communication quality and group effectiveness and experienced more satisfaction with their small groups than did Whites. Both White interviewees and interviewees of color said they valued being exposed to diverse group members and perspectives, the respectful tone of the group interaction, the facilitators’ ability to guide the interaction, and the opportunity to learn. Consistent with cocultural communication theory, participants of color specially praised the equal opportunity to speak in their groups and the experience of being heard. The results fortify the importance for public deliberation practitioners to take concerted steps to ensure racial/ethnic diversity and egalitarian interaction of members in deliberative small groups.

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“…A number of studies have now shown that personalized recruitment strategies are effective for enrolling African Americans for cancer genetic studies [3, 19, 30]. One possible explanation for this is that personalized interactions allow the recruiter to anticipate and address potential barriers to participation such as fear of discrimination and mistrust of the medical establishment before such barriers form the basis of a negative response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Strategies for Increasing African American Participation in Cancer Genetic Studies: Hopeful Signs for Equalizing the Benefits of Genetic Medicine

Patterson¹,

Davis²,

Shelby³

et al. 2008

Public Health Genomics

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Objective: To determine whether prior success in recruiting African Americans to an in-house cancer genetics registry could be duplicated when recruiting to a national registry requiring a significantly increased level of commitment. Additionally, to determine which recruitment sources and practices yielded the highest number of African American participants. Methods: A retrospective analysis of recruitment sources, practices, and results for recruitment to the Cancer Genetics Network (CGN; a national research registry), from 2000 to 2005 was conducted. These results were compared to previous experience in recruiting African Americans to the Family Cancer Registry (FCR; an in-house registry) during the period 1992–2005. Results: In the 1st year of recruitment to the CGN, African Americans accounted for 24% of those consenting to participate in the CGN registry from our center. This compares to an average annual rate of 27% for the FCR during the years 1998–2005, and a rate of less than 1% from 1992 to 1998. By 2005, African Americans accounted for 27% of CGN participants recruited through the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, one of eighteen participating institutions in the CGN. Hospital-based resources such as cancer treatment clinics and tumor registries yielded the highest percentage of African American participants (66.5%), and self-referral yielded the lowest (0%). Seventy-seven percent of African Americans were actively sought out and recruited from treatment clinics, whereas the vast majority of Caucasian participants were recruited passively during the course of genetic counseling sessions that were scheduled for reasons unrelated to participation in cancer research. There were no known instances of African Americans contacting CGN staff after reading printed recruitment materials or internet advertisements. Conclusions: The increased level of commitment required of CGN participants did not deter African Americans from participating in cancer genetics research. Recruitment strategies responsible for dramatically increasing recruitment rates to the FCR from 1998 to 2000 were equally effective when used for recruitment to the CGN. The most effective recruitment sources were high-yield venues such as cancer treatment clinics and tumor registries, and active recruitment methods yielded the highest number of African American participants. Advertising through internet announcements and printed recruitment materials did not appear to be effective.

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A Conceptual Model for the Recruitment of Diverse Women into Research Studies

Cited by 65 publications

References 19 publications

Age-Related Changes Relevant to Health in Women: Design, Recruitment, and Retention Strategies for the Longitudinal Assessment of Women (LAW) Study

Age-Related Changes Relevant to Health in Women: Design, Recruitment, and Retention Strategies for the Longitudinal Assessment of Women (LAW) Study

Deliberation and Diversity: Perceptions of Small Group Discussions by Race and Ethnicity

Successful Strategies for Increasing African American Participation in Cancer Genetic Studies: Hopeful Signs for Equalizing the Benefits of Genetic Medicine

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