A Conceptual Framework to Improve the Symbol Implementation of 4D Printing Communication between Designers and Engineers

Azhar, Faten Ezrin; Pei, Eujin

doi:10.3390/designs6010003

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Recently, a new technology that allows dynamic changes in the structure of components was introduced, known as 4D printing technology [51]. The idea was started at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's by Skylar Tibbits, the International Design co-director and founding father of the Self-Assembly Lab Housed Center [52]. A 4D printing system gives the fourth coordinate of your time by introducing the fourth-dimensional parameter on the customized three-dimensional techniques [34,53].…”

Section: D Printing and 4d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative review on the application of smart material in additive manufacturing: 3D and 4D printing

Gobena,

Woldeyohannes

2024

Discov Appl Sci

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Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, has garnered significant attention across various industries for its flexibility and simplicity in fabrication. This review explores the evolution of AM technologies, encompassing rapid prototyping and 3D printing, which have revolutionized conventional manufacturing processes. The paper discusses the transition from rapid prototyping to AM and highlights its role in creating fully customized products, optimizing topologies, and fabricating complex designs, especially in the aerospace, medical, automotive, defense energy and food industries. The study delves into the fundamental principles of 3D and 4D printing technologies, detailing their processes, materials, and applications. It provides an overview of the various AM techniques, such as Vat photopolymerization, powder bed fusion, material extrusion, and directed energy deposition, shedding light on their classifications and applications. Furthermore, the paper explores the emergence of 4D printing, which introduces an additional dimension of “time” to enable dynamic changes in printed structures. The role of AM in different industries, including aerospace, medical, automotive, energy, and Industry 4.0, is thoroughly examined. The aerospace sector benefits from AM's ability to reduce production costs and lead times, while the medical field leverages bioprinting for synthetic organ fabrication and surgical equipment development. Similarly, AM enhances flexibility and customization in automotive manufacturing, energy production, and Industry 4.0 initiatives Overall, this review provides insights into the growing significance of AM technologies and their transformative impact on various industries. It underscores the potential of 3D and 4D printing to drive innovation, optimize production processes, and meet the evolving demands of modern manufacturing.

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Section: D Printing and 4d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative review on the application of smart material in additive manufacturing: 3D and 4D printing

Gobena,

Woldeyohannes

2024

Discov Appl Sci

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“…An existing GPS standard intended for specifying non-rigid bodies [5] uses ad-hoc annotations rather than a structured specification for the forces acting on a part compared to its free state and it does not provide a means to specify shapes that transform. The proposed standard could allow Shape Memory products to be more widely used, provide testable criterion for metrologists and test engineers to verify a 4DP part's conformance, leading to wider industrial acceptance [3].…”

Section: Proposal For a New Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile Testing of Pinned Hybrid CFRP/Titanium Joints and Damage Monitoring with Electrical Resistance Measurements

Pei,

Leung

2023

IVth International Conference on Simulation for Additive Manufacturing

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The term "4D Printing" (4DP) is defined as the ability for a part produced using an additive manufacture process to change its shape when activated by or exposed to one or more stimuli over time. This emerging technology offers unique advantages over conventional Additive Manufacturing (AM) by extending the three dimensions of space into the fourth dimension of time. 4DP parts can be programmed to actuate passively without the need for an external power source such as an electromechanical or other active system, thereby reducing the probability of failure and the complexity of components.This work attempts to address some of the challenges faced by the design engineer in a project team when producing technical documentation to specify the desired shape transformation of a 4DP part with a structured graphical representation at an appropriate level of abstraction. In this paper the requirements for a shape transforming 4DP part are represented as the allowable variation in dimensional size and tolerance in geometric form of the functionally critical features on the part for each function that the transformed shape serves.In this paper, the authors describe how the proposed standard to specify the desired shape transformations of a 4DP part could use graphical symbols in a structured specification by means of a Transformation Control Frame (TCF) to define the rules of transforming between shapes and a Bill of Transformations (BoT) to enumerate all the Transformation Control Frames (TCF) necessary to describe the intended sequence of shape transformations. To illustrate how the graphical symbols could be applied, a SMA actuated gripper is presented as a use-case.

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“…[85][86][87][88] The selection of 4DP technologies is essential, since, the functional properties of 4DPed objects are printer-specific. [89] SMP-based structures are 4DPed through DIW, FDM, SLA, DLP, and MPL. Figure 3 depicts the difference between the different 4DP technologies.…”

Section: D Printing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance

Khalid

Arif

Ahmed

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Shape-memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These structures are categorized into 4D-printed (4DPed) products which change their shape and properties over time dimension. 4D printing, a novel, multidisciplinary, and futuristic technology is expanding its utilization in different applications including healthcare, space, textile, soft robotics, defence, sports, aerospace, and automotive sectors. This review article focuses on the recent and insightful developments in the 4DP technology of SMMs especially shape-memory polymers. This review also integrates printing technologies, the programming of materials for specific actuating mechanisms, and the most recent applications of 4DPed structures/products. Future perspectives and countless opportunities of this 4DP technology are outlined to address the current challenges which will help evolve and promote this novel technology as the mainstream manufacturing approach for developing real-world products in a myriad of engineering sectors. 4DP technology progresses beyond imagination, since its inception and will promote technological and manufacturing renaissance in the material science field. This technology will profoundly impact manufacturing and daily human life in the future.

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A Conceptual Framework to Improve the Symbol Implementation of 4D Printing Communication between Designers and Engineers

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative review on the application of smart material in additive manufacturing: 3D and 4D printing

Comparative review on the application of smart material in additive manufacturing: 3D and 4D printing

Tensile Testing of Pinned Hybrid CFRP/Titanium Joints and Damage Monitoring with Electrical Resistance Measurements

4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance

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