A Compressed-Domain Robust Video Watermarking Against Recompression Attack

Abstract

With the development of communication networks and the widespread use of mobile terminals, videos are increasingly shared and distributed among mobile users. During the process, the video is recompressed to a certain file size on the sending side and sent to the receiving side via the server. This makes robust video watermark with low complexity to resist recompression attacks become an important issue to address. The proposed video watermarking method in this article is specially designed for resisting recompression attacks when quantization parameter (QP) is greatly increased. In the proposed method, by using the texture information and motion information of video, the invariance of video content under different quantization parameters could be found to help improve the anti-recompression attack ability of video watermark. Moreover, the proposed framework does not use a location map which has security risk to locate the watermark. It aims at finding the optimal location of watermark embedding adaptively according to the feature of video content itself. The experiment results indicate that the proposed video watermarking method can not only achieve greater robustness against recompression attack but also effectively limit the degradation in video perceptual quality. INDEX TERMS Compressed domain, recompression attack, video watermarking.

Deep Learning-Based Watermarking Techniques Challenges: A Review of Current and Future Trends

“…To resolve this problem, a new class of video watermarking algorithms has emerged where the compressed domain is used. These algorithms embed signatures into compressed videos and combine the embedding stage with corresponding video coding standards which include MPEG [21,22,90], H.264 [27,98], and H.265 [24,55,71]. Compressed In summary, the classification of the traditional robust image and video watermarking techniques is illustrated in Fig.…”

Anti-Recompression Video Watermarking Algorithm Based on H.264/AVC

“…We also conducted comparison experiments with an algorithm from the literature [24,25]. The experimental parameter settings are consistent with the comparison literature, and the data values of the comparison literature are taken from the original paper.…”

“…The experimental parameter settings are consistent with the comparison literature, and the data values of the comparison literature are taken from the original paper. The paper [24] is the first quantization coefficient that embeds the watermark into the subblock by selecting the subblock for embedding the watermark based on the video texture information and motion vector entropy. The paper [25] achieves the embedding of the watermark by modifying the positive and negative signs of the non-zero DCT coefficients of the chromaticity subblock.…”

“…The initial QP from the literature [24] is 20, and the initial QP from the literature [25] is 28. In this paper, when performing the invisibility comparison experiment, the initial QP was consistent with the comparison literature.…”

Blind Camcording-Resistant Video Watermarking in the DTCWT and SVD Domain

“…In conventional watermarking techniques [11]- [16], the watermark decoders either require the original video for correct detection, or fail to detect the watermark when a combination of temporal synchronization, signal processing and geometric attacks is applied. They have suffered from framerate conversion, a very popular signal processing attack which causes temporal distortion.…”