A comprehensive survey on hybrid wireless networks: practical considerations, challenges, applications and research directions

Mohsan, Syed Agha Hassnain; Hussain, Amjad

doi:10.1007/s11082-021-03141-1

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…About 80% of all wireless data traffic is thought to be generated by indoor applications. Therefore, we envision VLC as a complementary technology that provides various benefits over RF, particularly in indoor situations, such as utilizing the existing lighting infrastructure to construct a low-cost system that enables ultra-high data rate [ 156 ]. While VLC has several distinct benefits, it also has a few downsides that might greatly hinder the efficiency of the VLC system if they are not accounted for.…”

Section: Potential Challenges and Open Research Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOMA-Based VLC Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Mohsan

Sadiq

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The enhanced proliferation of connected entities needs a deployment of innovative technologies for the next generation wireless networks. One of the critical concerns, however, is the spectrum scarcity, due to the unprecedented broadcast penetration rate nowadays. Based on this, visible light communication (VLC) has recently emerged as a viable solution to secure high-speed communications. VLC, a high data rate communication technology, has proven its stature as a promising complementary to its radio frequency (RF) counterpart. VLC is a cost-effective, energy-efficient, and secure technology that exploits the current infrastructure, specifically within indoor and underwater environments. Yet, despite their appealing capabilities, VLC systems face several limitations which constraint their potentials such as LED’s limited bandwidth, dimming, flickering, line-of-sight (LOS) requirement, impact of harsh weather conditions, noise, interference, shadowing, transceiver alignment, signal decoding complexity, and mobility issue. Consequently, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered an effective technique to circumvent these shortcomings. The NOMA scheme has emerged as a revolutionary paradigm to address the shortcomings of VLC systems. The potentials of NOMA are to increase the number of users, system’s capacity, massive connectivity, and enhance the spectrum and energy efficiency in future communication scenarios. Motivated by this, the presented study offers an overview of NOMA-based VLC systems. This article provides a broad scope of existing research activities of NOMA-based VLC systems. This article aims to provide firsthand knowledge of the prominence of NOMA and VLC and surveys several NOMA-enabled VLC systems. We briefly highlight the potential and capabilities of NOMA-based VLC systems. In addition, we outline the integration of such systems with several emerging technologies such as intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Furthermore, we focus on NOMA-based hybrid RF/VLC networks and discuss the role of machine learning (ML) tools and physical layer security (PLS) in this domain. In addition, this study also highlights diverse and significant technical hindrances prevailing in NOMA-based VLC systems. We highlight future research directions, along with provided insights that are envisioned to be helpful towards the effective practical deployment of such systems. In a nutshell, this review highlights the existing and ongoing research activities for NOMA-based VLC systems, which will provide sufficient guidelines for research communities working in this domain and it will pave the way for successful deployment of these systems.

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Section: Potential Challenges and Open Research Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOMA-Based VLC Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Mohsan

Sadiq

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Discussion and Focus Strengths Limitations [62] Comprehensive survey on hybrid wireless networks, covering both RF and VLC technologies.…”

Section: Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cognitive Hybrid Radio Frequency/Visible Light Communication Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks

Miranda,

Barriquello,

Reguera

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The development and growth of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is significantly propelled by advances in Radio Frequency (RF) and Visible Light Communication (VLC) technologies. This paper endeavors to present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in cognitive hybrid RF-VLC systems for WSNs, emphasizing the critical task of seamlessly integrating Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs) and VLC technologies. The central challenge addressed is the intricate landscape of this integration, characterized by notable trade-offs between performance and complexity, which escalate with the addition of more devices and increased data rates. This scenario necessitates the development of advanced cognitive radio strategies, potentially facilitated by Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) approaches, albeit introducing new complexities such as the necessity for pre-training with extensive datasets. The review scrutinizes the fundamental aspects of CRSNs and VLC, spotlighting key areas like Energy Efficient Resource Allocation, Industrial Scenarios, and Energy Harvesting, and explores the synergistic amalgamation of these technologies as a promising pathway for enhanced spectrum utilization and network performance. By delving into the integration of cognitive radio technology with visible light, this study furnishes valuable insights into the potential for innovative applications in wireless communication, presenting a balanced overview of the current advancements and prospective avenues in the field of cognitive hybrid RF/VLC systems.

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“…where 𝐵 𝑘 is the total resource blocks that is apportioned to the VM 𝑘 at band-width 𝐵 𝑜 , 𝑃 𝑛,𝑢𝑒,𝑏 𝑘 denotes the power transmitted on resource block 𝑏. Furthermore, The SNIR is given as: (4). Further to channel capacity, the power consumption evaluation is the second part of the EEf problem, the following Sub-section presents modelling the cloud power consumption along with the expected delay.…”

Section: System Model 21 Channel Capacity and Power Allocationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the placement of cloud data center in virtualized environment

Al-Karawi

Alhumaima

Khudair

et al. 2022

IJECE

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<p><span>In cloud mobile networks, precise assessment for the position of the virtualization powered cloud center would improve the capacity limit, latency and energy efficiency (EEf). This paper utilized the Monte Carlo oriented particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) to first, obtain the optimal number of virtual machines (VMs) that maximize the EEf of the mobile cloud center, second, optimize the position of the mobile data center. To fulfil such examination, a power evaluation framework is proposed to shape the power utilization of a virtualized server while hosting an amount of VMs. In addition, the total power consumption of the network is examined, including data center and radio units (RUs). This evaluation is based on linear modelling of the network parameters, such as resource blocks, number of VMs, transmitted and received powers, and overhead power consumption. Finally, the EEf is constrained to many quality of service (QoS) metrics, including number of resource blocks, total latency and minimum user's data rate.</span></p>

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A comprehensive survey on hybrid wireless networks: practical considerations, challenges, applications and research directions

Cited by 39 publications

References 203 publications

NOMA-Based VLC Systems: A Comprehensive Review

NOMA-Based VLC Systems: A Comprehensive Review

A Review of Cognitive Hybrid Radio Frequency/Visible Light Communication Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks

Optimizing the placement of cloud data center in virtualized environment

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