A comprehensive survey of nondestructive sensing technologies for the detection of corn seeds in a closed trench and measuring planting depth to augment the conventional method

Mapoka, Kenneth O. M.; Birrell, Stuart J.; Tekeste, Mehari Z.

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2019.02.010

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Deep planting takes advantage of the early cool spring in climates where mature plants frequently encounter drought [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Successful germination and seedling establishment depend upon the placement of seeds in a favorable soil microcosm by reducing water loss and by redistributing or concentrating resources around the seedling that, together with the energy stored in the endosperm, will be sufficient for supporting the growth of the mesocotyl in order to force its way up to the surface [ 50 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Indeed, seedling roots have the ability to explore a widely area when they are cultivated by deep planting [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Deep Plantingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Root and Mesocotyl Elongation in Maize Seedlings: Two Organs with Antagonistic Growth below the Soil Surface

Rodríguez

Cassab

2021

Plants

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Maize illustrates one of the most complex cases of embryogenesis in higher plants that results in the development of early embryo with distinctive organs such as the mesocotyl, seminal and primary roots, coleoptile, and plumule. After seed germination, the elongation of root and mesocotyl follows opposite directions in response to specific tropisms (positive and negative gravitropism and hydrotropism). Tropisms represent the differential growth of an organ directed toward several stimuli. Although the life cycle of roots and mesocotyl takes place in darkness, their growth and functions are controlled by different mechanisms. Roots ramify through the soil following the direction of the gravity vector, spreading their tips into new territories looking for water; when water availability is low, the root hydrotropic response is triggered toward the zone with higher moisture. Nonetheless, there is a high range of hydrotropic curvatures (angles) in maize. The processes that control root hydrotropism and mesocotyl elongation remain unclear; however, they are influenced by genetic and environmental cues to guide their growth for optimizing early seedling vigor. Roots and mesocotyls are crucial for the establishment, growth, and development of the plant since both help to forage water in the soil. Mesocotyl elongation is associated with an ancient agriculture practice known as deep planting. This tradition takes advantage of residual soil humidity and continues to be used in semiarid regions of Mexico and USA. Due to the genetic diversity of maize, some lines have developed long mesocotyls capable of deep planting while others are unable to do it. Hence, the genetic and phenetic interaction of maize lines with a robust hydrotropic response and higher mesocotyl elongation in response to water scarcity in time of global heating might be used for developing more resilient maize plants.

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Section: Deep Plantingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The root system has been the target of modern breeding programs to develop varieties tolerant toward drought or nutrient deficiencies. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to analyze the root system of many samples in field conditions without disrupting them [ 32 , 53 , 92 ].…”

Section: Maize ( Zea Mays L)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Root and Mesocotyl Elongation in Maize Seedlings: Two Organs with Antagonistic Growth below the Soil Surface

Rodríguez

Cassab

2021

Plants

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“…Observation of underground tubers development in their undisturbed natural state within soil, both spatially and temporally, remains a challenging task (18). To overcome these challenges, several non-destructive tuber growth monitoring techniques have been used in agricultural investigations (19). An electromagnetic induction (EMI)-based on-the-go proximal soil sensing apparatus has been used to map out apparent ground electrical conductivity (ECa), which is used to forecast potato tuber yield in four fields across Atlantic Canada (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been reported that installation of the instrument severs roots and disturbs soil (22). The ground penetrating radar (GPR) technique has been suggested as a suitable technique to detect and quantify corn seed planting depth (19). Although GPR allows threedimensional (3-D) reconstruction of scanned objects, it has been found to underestimate root biomass (23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Irrigation Thresholds and Potato Tuber Depth in Sandy Soil

et al. 2022

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Soil disturbance resulting from tuber crop harvesting is a major threat to soil health. The depth of soil intervention is a critical factor that further strengthens the effects of such disturbance and makes harvest one of the most harmful cropping operations. In the case of potato, soil moisture is a determining factor for root and stolon development, hence, a deeper soil intervention may be required at harvest. While potato ranks as the fourth most cultivated crop worldwide, the impact of soil moisture on potato tuber vertical and horizontal distribution has received very little attention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four soil matric potential thresholds (SMPTs; –10, –20, –30, and –45 kPa) on the spatial (vertical and horizontal) distribution of potato tubers grown in plastic containers filled with sandy soil using an X-ray computed tomography scanner. The results of the experiments conducted in a greenhouse environment suggest that the horizontal distribution of the tubers did not differ significantly across the irrigation treatments. However, a linear relationship between SMPT, and therefore irrigation threshold, and potato tuber depth was observed. In addition, the deepest tuber position was observed under the –10 kPa SMPT, while the tubers were closer to the soil surface under the –45 kPa SMPT, which could lead to a greater preponderance of tuber diseases such as late blight or greening. Thus, potato irrigation events implementing a SMPT between –20 and –30 kPa could reduce the harvest depth, hence, decreasing the negative impacts of soil disturbance on soil structural stability and soil organic carbon degradation while mitigating the impacts of disease as well as reducing fuel costs, greenhouse gas emissions, soil loss and erosion.

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“…Electrical impedance spectroscopy utilisation is described in a paper by Lopes et al (2018). The planting depth accuracy can be determined also by electric properties measurement (Mapoka et al, 2019). Dielectric properties are affected by microwave and radio frequency heating systems; these attributes directly affect the electromagnetic arrangement and currents surrounding the materials, which can be used to control the drying process (Al Faruq et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical properties of mung beans (Vigna Radiata L.)

Novák¹

2021

J Proc Ener Agri

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This paper contains the results of measuring the electrical properties of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) set. The conductivity and relative permittivity are the main parameters of dielectric material electrical properties. The electrical properties of mung beans samples had not been sufficiently measured, and the aim of this work was to perform the measurements of these properties. Measurements were performed under variable moisture content and the frequency of electric field from 0.1 kHz till 200 kHz for conductivity and in the range from 1 MHz to 16 MHz for relative permittivity, using RLC meter and Q meter, respectively. It was concluded that relative permittivity and conductivity increased with the increase of moisture content; resistivity, impedance, loss tangent, and relative permittivity decreased as the frequency of the electric field increased.

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A comprehensive survey of nondestructive sensing technologies for the detection of corn seeds in a closed trench and measuring planting depth to augment the conventional method

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Primary Root and Mesocotyl Elongation in Maize Seedlings: Two Organs with Antagonistic Growth below the Soil Surface

Primary Root and Mesocotyl Elongation in Maize Seedlings: Two Organs with Antagonistic Growth below the Soil Surface

Relationship Between Irrigation Thresholds and Potato Tuber Depth in Sandy Soil

Electrical properties of mung beans (Vigna Radiata L.)

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