A Comprehensive Study on EDFA Characteristics: Temperature Impact

Abstract

In this paper, a comprehensive study on erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) characteristics under temperature variation has been performed. The rate and propagation equations that characterize EDFA performance pumped at 980 nm and 1480 nm in the forward direction are solved numerically. The Boltzmann distribution between the pump and the gain wavelength is taken into account, and is found to be effective when pumping only at 1480 nm. In addition, a full comparison between the effect of temperature on some of the EDFA characteristics such as the maximum peak gain, optimum fiber length, saturation input power, and saturation output power has been carried out. The temperature variation in the range from −40 °C to +80 °C is taken into account.

Dispersion compensation of optical systems utilizing fiber Bragg grating at 15 Gbits/s

“…And additional with 10km optical fiber length and 10 Gbit/s [11]. Tables 4-6 shows the optical fiber length, input power and attenuation coefficient of the proposed model compared with reference [14].…”

“…A wavelength selective coupler (WSC) using to mixed the high-power light beam with the input signal. The excitation light and the input signal should be of significantly different wavelengths [13,14]. By directing light after mixing to a part of optical fibers with the inserted ions of erbium into the heart, where this light beam of high-energy raises ions of erbium to their high-energy state and when the signal which is contained the photons are met with another different wavelength of the pumping light, the raised ions of erbium it will dispense with some of the signal strength and return to its low-power state as in Figure 1 [14].…”

“…The excitation light and the input signal should be of significantly different wavelengths [13,14]. By directing light after mixing to a part of optical fibers with the inserted ions of erbium into the heart, where this light beam of high-energy raises ions of erbium to their high-energy state and when the signal which is contained the photons are met with another different wavelength of the pumping light, the raised ions of erbium it will dispense with some of the signal strength and return to its low-power state as in Figure 1 [14]. An important point must be clarified, that the energy will be transferred from the erbium in the form of additional photons so that they are exactly at the same stage and direction of the signal to be amplified [15].…”

Temperature-Dependent Study on L-Band EDFA Characteristics Pumped at 980 nm and 1480 nm in Phosphorus and Aluminum-Rich Erbium-Doped Silica Fibers

“…∆E 3 represents the energy difference between the pump level and upper level of the stimulated emission transmission. While the effect of β is negligible in the case of 980nm pump condition, as the erbium population of pump level 4 I 11/2 is negligible, i.e., N 3 =0 [14]. As a result, the 1480nm pump condition has a more temperaturedependent amplifier performance compared with the 980nm pump condition.…”

Design of L + U‐band Erbium‐doped fiber amplifier based on a single S‐band forward pump source

“…Typically, absorption cross section ( ) is the probability of Er 3+ to absorb a pump photon in a given cross sectional area of a particular wavelength while emission cross section ( ) is the probability that there is an excited Er 3+ in a given cross‐sectional area which will emit a photon 24 . Various techniques have been introduced in literature in order to comprehensively represent both of the cross sections which include Ladenburg–Fuchtbauer relation and Mc‐Cumber relation 26 . The Mc‐Cumber relation is widely used for relating both of the cross sections due to its accuracy and simplicity and is given by the following expression 26 …”