A comprehensive review on the prospects of multi-functional carbon nano onions as an effective, high- performance energy storage material

Dhand, Vivek; Yadav, Mithilesh; Kim, Sang Hoon; Rhee, Kyong-Yop

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.12.083

Cited by 78 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 303 publications

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“…As another attractive member of the fullerene family after C60, carbon nanotubes and graphene, carbon nano-onion (CNO) is composed of concentric graphite shells with an ultra-small size of about 5 nm. The CNO particles possess unique characteristic of large specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, stable thermal and chemical stability, endowing it great application potential in the field of electromagnetic functional materials [ 16 , 17 ]. At the same time, the hollow structure among the graphite shell also contributes to the multiple reflections of incident EMW in the cavities [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterointerface Engineering of β-Chitin/Carbon Nano-Onions/Ni–P Composites with Boosted Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars Effect for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Response and Thermal Management

Pan

Cai

et al. 2022

Nano-Micro Lett.

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The rational construction of microstructure and composition with enhanced Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect (MWSE) is still a challenging direction for reinforcing electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance, and the related EMW attenuation mechanism has rarely been elucidated. Herein, MWSE boosted β-chitin/carbon nano-onions/Ni–P composites is prepared according to the heterointerface engineering strategy via facile layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly and electroless plating techniques. The heterogeneous interface is reinforced from the aspect of porous skeleton, nanomaterials and multilayer construction. The composites exhibit competitive EMW response mechanism between the conductive loss and the polarization/magnetic loss, as describing like the story of “The Hare and the Tortoise”. As a result, the composites not only achieve a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of − 50.83 dB and an effective bandwidth of 6.8 GHz, but also present remarkable EMW interference shielding effectiveness of 66.66 dB. In addition, diverse functions such as good thermal insulation, infrared shielding and photothermal performance were also achieved in the hybrid composites as a result of intrinsic morphology and chemicophysics properties. Therefore, we believe that the boosted MWSE open up a novel orientation toward developing multifunctional composites with high-efficient EMW response and thermal management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterointerface Engineering of β-Chitin/Carbon Nano-Onions/Ni–P Composites with Boosted Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars Effect for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Response and Thermal Management

Pan

Cai

et al. 2022

Nano-Micro Lett.

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“…2,3 In 1992, Ugarte 4 reported a new allotropic form of carbon known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs), which were first observed by Ijima in 1980. 5 These multishell fullerenes have received considerable attention during the past decade due to their outstanding properties such as a large surface area to volume ratio, low densities, and a graphitic multilayer morphology, which makes them excellent candidates for diverse applications, such as energy conversion and storage, 6 supercapacitors, 7 solid lubricants, 8,9 and cellular imaging and theranostics, 10,11 among others. 4,12−15 CNOs can be synthesized through several methods, such as ball milling, 16 ion implantation, 17 arc discharge, 18 plasma treatment, 19 chemical vapor deposition, 20 laser ablation, 21 electron irradiation, 22 thermal decomposition of layered nanoreactors, 23,24 soft-chemistry methods, 25 and thermal annealing of detonation nanodiamonds (d-NDs) under either vacuum 26 or inert atmosphere.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the discovery of the fullerene C 60 in 1985, carbon nanomaterials have been investigated in different fields such as photovoltaics and biological applications. , In 1992, Ugarte reported a new allotropic form of carbon known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs), which were first observed by Ijima in 1980 . These multishell fullerenes have received considerable attention during the past decade due to their outstanding properties such as a large surface area to volume ratio, low densities, and a graphitic multilayer morphology, which makes them excellent candidates for diverse applications, such as energy conversion and storage, supercapacitors, solid lubricants, , and cellular imaging and theranostics, , among others. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nano-onions: Potassium Intercalation and Reductive Covalent Functionalization

et al. 2021

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Herein we report the synthesis of covalently functionalized carbon nano-onions (CNOs) via a reductive approach using unprecedented alkali-metal CNO intercalation compounds. For the first time, an in situ Raman study of the controlled intercalation process with potassium has been carried out revealing a Fano resonance in highly doped CNOs. The intercalation was further confirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the experimental results have been rationalized with DFT calculations. Covalently functionalized CNO derivatives were synthesized by using phenyl iodide and n -hexyl iodide as electrophiles in model nucleophilic substitution reactions. The functionalized CNOs were exhaustively characterized by statistical Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, UV–vis, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies. This work provides important insights into the understanding of the basic principles of reductive CNOs functionalization and will pave the way for the use of CNOs in a wide range of potential applications, such as energy storage, photovoltaics, or molecular electronics.

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“…These foodborne NPs may be used as nanocarriers in the delivery of metal ions, including Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Fe 2+ , and so on, due to their small size and good water solubility [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The bioeffect of OCNPs is barely studied and their toxicity is probably highly related to their structures, including size and morphology [ 20 ]. Despite non-toxic foodborne nanoparticles causing minor oxidative stress, the in vivo evaluation of long period of exposure to OCNPs has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Potential Toxicity of Onion-like Carbon Nanoparticles from Grilled Turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.

Wang

et al. 2021

Foods

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Although the presence of foodborne nanoparticles was confirmed in grilled fish in a previous study, the evaluation of potential health risks of these NPs was insufficient. In the present study, the potential toxicity of onion-like carbon nanoparticles (OCNPs) separated from grilled turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. was evaluated using mouse osteoblasts cells model and zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that the OCNPs penetrated into the MC3T3-E1 cells without arousing cell morphology changes. No evident apoptosis or damage of cells was observed with increasing OCNPs’ concentration to 20 mg/mL. In the hemolysis test, OCNPs did not show an obvious hemolysis effect on red blood cells. In the acute toxicity test, the LC50 value (212.431 mg/L) of OCNPs to zebrafish showed a weak acute toxicity. In subacute toxicity test, after exposure to OCNPs (30 mg/L, 40 mg/L) for 10 days, a significant increase of reactive oxygen species level of zebrafish was observed. Meanwhile, redundant ROS content caused inhibition to several antioxidant enzymes and induced lipid and protein peroxidation damages according to the upregulation of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels. The chronic toxicity test results indicated that oxidative stress was only observed in the high concentration group of OCNPs-treated zebrafish.

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A comprehensive review on the prospects of multi-functional carbon nano onions as an effective, high- performance energy storage material

Cited by 78 publications

References 303 publications

Heterointerface Engineering of β-Chitin/Carbon Nano-Onions/Ni–P Composites with Boosted Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars Effect for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Response and Thermal Management

Heterointerface Engineering of β-Chitin/Carbon Nano-Onions/Ni–P Composites with Boosted Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars Effect for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Response and Thermal Management

Carbon Nano-onions: Potassium Intercalation and Reductive Covalent Functionalization

Assessment of Potential Toxicity of Onion-like Carbon Nanoparticles from Grilled Turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.

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