A comprehensive review on recent advances of polyanionic cathode materials in Na‐ion batteries for cost effective energy storage applications

Abstract

Sustainable and efficient energy storage devices are crucial to meet the soaring global energy demand. In this context, Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) have emerged as one of the excellent alternatives to the Li‐ion batteries, due to the uniform geographical distribution, abundance, cost‐effectiveness, comparable operating voltage as well as similar intercalation chemistry. However, due to larger size of Na and other related issues, a subtle strategy of research is required for the development of electrode materials for NIBs to enhance overall electrochemical performance. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on recent advances of polyanionic cathode materials for NIBs for cost effective and large scale energy storage applications. Owing to their great thermal and chemical stability, high redox potential (inductive effect), and rich structural diversity, polyanionic cathodes have been considered potential candidates in recent years. We cover a large number of polyanionic materials and conclude with the strategies to improve the energy and power density of NIB. This article is categorized under: Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials Energy and Development > Science and Materials Energy and Transport > Science and Materials

Na4Co3(PO4)2P2O7/NC Composite as a Negative Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…However, there are many challenges to develop electrode materials to accommodate the larger size sodium ions, and the size also plays a crucial role in diffusion through the electrolyte during charge/discharge. In comparison to the widely investigated, layered, − and polyanionic-type materials as cathodes, − search for the appropriate anode materials requires immediate attention because the graphite anode cannot accommodate Na + ions at low potential when used with the Na salt electrolyte in SIBs. Therefore, various carbonaceous materials have been investigated for their electrochemical performance toward SIBs as anodes. − However, their performance in terms of stability and storage capability is relegated than that of the corresponding lithium counterparts mainly due to the large radius of sodium.…”

“…In order to achieve excellent electrochemical performance, materials possessing open and stable three-dimensional (3D) frameworks with the larger diffusion pathways and interstitial space are expected to overcome the abovementioned challenges found in SIBs. ,, In this context, the polyanionic compounds, owing to their 3D framework and structural and thermal stability, are considered potential candidates . For example, the mixed phosphates with the general formula Na 4 M 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni) have attracted great attention as a new class of electrode materials due to the low volume expansion arising from the strongly covalent-bonded framework with the excellent cycling performance and longer lifetime of the battery system. − These mixed phosphate materials have a three-dimensional orthorhombic framework containing MO 6 octahedra and PO 4 tetrahedra sharing corners with the pyrophosphate group via P–O–P interlayer linkage .…”

Na$_{4}$Co$_{3}$(PO$_{4}$)$_{2}$P$_{2}$O$_{7}$/NC composite as a negative electrode for sodium-ion batteries

“…However, there are many challenges to develop electrode materials to accommodate the larger size sodium-ion, and the size also plays a crucial role in diffusion through electrolyte during charge/discharge. In comparison to the widely investigated layered [7][8][9][10] as well as polyanionic type materials as cathode [11][12][13][14], search for the appropriate anode materials require immediate attention because the graphite anode cannot accommodate Na + ions at low-potential when used with Na salt electrolyte in sodium-ion batteries. Therefore, various carbonaceous materials have been investigated for their electrochemical performance towards SIBs as anode * rsdhaka@physics.iitd.ac.in [15][16][17].…”

“…In order to achieve excellent electrochemical performance, materials possessing open and stable threedimensional (3D) frameworks with the larger diffusion pathways and interstitial space are expected to overcome the above challenges found in SIBs [14,18,19]. In this context, the polyanionic compounds, owing to their 3D framework, structural and thermal stability are considered potential candidates [14].…”

“…In order to achieve excellent electrochemical performance, materials possessing open and stable threedimensional (3D) frameworks with the larger diffusion pathways and interstitial space are expected to overcome the above challenges found in SIBs [14,18,19]. In this context, the polyanionic compounds, owing to their 3D framework, structural and thermal stability are considered potential candidates [14]. For example, the mixed phosphates with general formula Na 4 M 3 (PO 4 ) 2 P 2 O 7 (M=Fe, Mn, Co, Ni) have attracted great attention as new class of electrode materials due to the low volume expansion arising from the strongly covalent bonded framework with the excellent cycling performance and longer lifetime of the battery system [20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”